FISHDS OF NEW YORK 45 



the middle of November. These fish are usually caught with 

 the hook and often entangle themselves in nets, to which they 

 do great damage. They feed on mackerel, whiting and other 

 fishes. 



The oil of the liver is an article of commerce, the flesh is use- 

 ful for fertilizers, and the skin has been used for polishing; on 

 some parts of Cape Cod the fish has been dried for fuel. 



Mitchill mentions the spined dogfish only in one of his minor 

 papers. I)e Kay recorded it as common on the New York coast. 

 He found remains of the soft clam and scales of fishes in its 

 stomach. 

 , Suborder TECTOSPONDYLI 



Family squaxi]siida.e 



Angel Sharks 

 Genus sauATiivA Dum^ril 

 Body flat, depressed as in the rays, the snout obtuse or 

 slightly concave in front; nostrils on the front margin of the 

 snout with skinny flaps; mouth anterior; teeth in many series, 

 conical, pointed, distant; spiracles wide, transverse, behind the 

 eyes; gill openings wide, very near each other, partly inferior 

 and partly hidden by the pectoral fins; two small, subequal 

 dorsal fins on the tail behind the ventrals; no anal fin; caudal 

 small, the lower lobe longer than the upper; males with small 

 prehensile organs; vertebrae tectospondylous. 



22 Squatina squatina (Linnaeus) 

 Angel fish; Monhfish 



SqiMltis squatina Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 233, 1758. 

 Squatina dumeriU De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 363, pi. 62, fig. 203, 1842. 

 RJiina squatina Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. VIII, 430, 1870. 

 Squatina anyelus Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 35, 1883.^ 

 Squatina squatina- Jordan & Bvermann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 58; 

 Smith, Bull. U. S. F. C. XVII. 89, 1898. 

 Body raylike in shape, flat, depressed, its greatest depth less 

 than one fourteenth of the total length and about one third of 

 the length of the head; caudal peduncle stout; caudal fin small, 

 its lower lobe the longer; snout short, rounded; nostrils on its 

 front margin, with skinny flaps. Mouth anterior, its width 



