INTROmjCTIOlV 



New York has an extensive water area and a great diversity 

 of surface. Its i^rincipal drainage basins are: the Great lakes, 

 the St Lawrence river, including Lake Champlain,the Ohio basin, 

 th(- Susquehanna, the Delaware, the Hudson and several small 

 streams adjacent to it in the southeastern part of the state. 

 The inland lakes, in the central and western part of the 

 state, almost all communicate with Lake Ontario. Chautauqua 

 lake belongs to the Ohio basin. Lake Otsego and two small 

 lakes east of Keuka lake, empty into the Susquehanna. The 

 Adirondack lakes for the most part belong to the St Lawrence 

 drainage basin, some of them emptying into Lake Champlain, 

 and a few into the upper waters of the Hudson. 



Long Island has a larger number of species than all the re- 

 mainder of the state. The number of marine species in its 

 waters is 217, and its fresh waters contain 27 species, of which 

 13 have been recently introduced. 



In the bays of the south side of the island, wherein the water 

 is brackish or nearly fresh, and where there is a luxuriant 

 growth of water plants, young menhaden and alewives are ex- 

 tremely abundant. 



One of the fresh-water fishes is a hybrid trout, artifically pro- 

 duced; another is the black-nosed dace, which is perhaps doubt- 

 fully recorded from Long Island; and 13 species have been 

 recently introduced, as before remarked. 



The permanent residents in fresh water are the following: 

 liorn pout, chub sucker, roach, brook trout, striped mud minnow, 

 banded pickerel, chain pickerel, fresh-water killy, pirate perch, 

 iresh-water silverside, sunflsh, yellow perch, and Johnny darter. 

 Most of these 13 species, or perhaps all of them, could easily 

 have been introduced by man within the last century or two. 



Mitchill recorded only three fresh-water species from Long 

 Island. These are: yellow perch, brook trout and pickerel. To 

 the pickerel he applied the name Esox lucius, a species 



