70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



gate, spatiilate or bcaklike, the upper jaw projecting beyonc 



the lower; premaxiHary forming most of the margin of th( 



upper jaw; maxillary transversely divided into several pieces 



upper jaw with an outer series of small, sharp, even teeth 



then a series of large teeth, some of the anterior teeth beinj 



usually movable; next a series of fine teeth, in one row in front 



becoming a band behind. In some species the inner row o 



these teeth contains larger ones; next the vomerine teeth, alsi 



in a long band, and posteriorly a palatine band. These band 



on the roof of the mouth are frequently somewhat confluen 



or irregular. In young specimens some of the palatine teetl 



are often enlarged, these sometimes forming regular series 



Lower jaw with an outer series of small teeth, next a series o 



large teeth, next again a broad band of fine teeth on eac: 



side. Each of the large teeth fits into a depression in th 



opposite jaw. Pharyngeals with rasplike teeth; tongue tootl 



less, short, broad," emarginate, free at tip; external bones o 



skull very hard and rugose; eyes small; nostrils near the en 



of the upper jaw; an accessory gill on the inner side of th 



opercle; pseudobranchiae present; no spiracles; gills four, 



slit behind the fourth; branchiostegals three; gill membrane 



somewhat connected, free from the isthmus; gill rakers ver 



short; air bladder cellular, lunglike, somewhat functional; fin 



with fulcrums; dorsal fin short, rather high, posterior, nearly o] 



posite the anal, which is similar in form; tail heterocercal, in tli 



young produced as a filament beyond the caudal fin; caudi 



convex; ventrals nearly midway between pectorals and ana' 



pectorals and ventrals moderate, few-rayed; stomach not caeca 



pyloric appendages numerous; sjjiral valve of intestines rud 



mentary. 



Fishes of the fresh waters of North America and Chin: 

 (After Jordan and Evermann) 



38 Lepisosteus osseus Linnaeus 

 Gar Pike; JiiUpsh 



Enox fjuficus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 313, 1758; Mitciiill. Trans. Ty 



& riiil. Soc. N. Y. I, 444, 1815; Am. Month. Mag. II. 321, 1818. 

 Lifjisosteiis hison De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 271, pi. 43, fig. 139, 18^ 



