128 NEW YOUK STATE MUSKUM 



times 1, 5-4, 2, or even by atrophy, 1, 4-4, 1) usually 2, 5-5, 2 in 

 the European type, hooked, with rather narrow grinding sur- 

 face or none; anal basis short or more or less elongate; dorsal 

 tin posterior, usually behind ventrals; intestinal canal short. 

 Size generally large, some species very small. A very large 

 group, one of the largest current genera in ichthyology, repre- 

 sented by numerous species in the rivers of Europe, Asia, and 

 North America. . . Individual irregularities in dentition are 

 common in lliis genus. 



The typical species of the genus, Leuciscus leuciscus, 

 is the common dace or vandoise of Europe, and differs greatly 

 from any of the American forms. The presence of various inter- 

 mediate species, however, makes it impossible to draw any satis- 

 factory line between the dace, Leuciscus, on the one hand, 

 and such extreme forms as the long-mouthed minnows, 

 r' 1 i n o s t o 111 u s , on the other. 



Clinostomus is a peculiar group of small, tine-scaled 

 minnows, with the gape of the mouth larger than in any other 

 C y p r i n i d a e whatever. The relationship of the species to 

 (hose called Iv i c h a r d s o n i u s is however very close. (Af^er 

 Jordan and Evermann) 



Subgenus (i-iiMosTOMus (Jirard 



72 Leuciscus elongatus (Kirtland) 

 Rrd-sided Siiiner 



Lii.niu)i iloihiitliis KiuKi-AND, Rep't Zool. Ohio, 169, 18:36; Bost. Jour. Nat. 



Hist. Ill, 330, ijl. IV, fig. 1, 1841. 

 Uuciscus prmiger GtJnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. VII, 245, 1868. 

 SiliinliuK rlotifiotiis .Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 232, 1883. 

 I'lioriiiiis iluiujatus Bean, Fishes Penna. 52, 1893. 

 Leiiriscus elongatus De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 214, 1842; Storer, Syn. 



V\sh. N. A. 561. 1846; Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. VII, 245, 1868; 



.IDKDAN tVc KvKRMANN, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 240, 1806. 



'I'll'' r.(l sided sliiuci- has an elongate fusiform body, its great- 

 .si (I. -pill iw.. iiiiiilis (.r 111.. ti;,l length without the caudal, its 

 gi-eiiicsi wi.lili ii..;iil.\ one half of its depth. The caudal ped- 

 niHl.- is l(.iig ;iii(l slf'uder, its least depth two fifths of greatest 



