FISHES OF NEW YORK 255 



of the anal base ; it is long and expanded at the end. The caudal 

 is emarginate in ^oung examples, but nearly truncate in speci- 

 mens 10 inches long. The pectoral is nearly one sixth of the 

 length without the caudal. In the male the jaws are produced, 

 and very old ones have a hook. The maxilla extends to the hind 

 margin of the eye. Tlie triangular head of the vomer has a 

 transverse series of teeth, and the shaft of the bone bears tv.-o 

 opposite or alternating series of strong persistent teeth. 1). 

 13-14; A. 10-11; P. 13; V. 9. Scales 25-120-30; pyloric caeca 

 38-51; vertebrae 57-58. 



On the head, body and dorsal fin usually numerous red and 

 black spots, the latter circular or X-shaped and some of them 

 with a pale border; a yellowish margin usually present on the 

 front of the dorsal and anal and the outer part of the ventral. 

 The dark spots are few in number below the lateral line. The 

 ground color of the body is brownish or brownish black, varying 

 with food and locality. 



Names. In European countries in which this species is native 

 it bears the name of trout or brook trout or the equivalents of 

 these terms. In Gei'many it is haohforelle; in Italy, trota; in 

 France, trivite. In the United States it is known as the brown 

 trout and von Behr trout, the latter in honor of Herr von Behr, 

 president of the Deutscher FiscJierie Verein, who has been very 

 active in the acclimation of the fish in America. 



Distribution. The brown trout is widely distributed in conti- 

 nental Europe and inhabits lakes as well as streams, specially 

 in Norway and Sweden. Tributaries of the White sea, the Bal- 

 tic, the Black sea and the Caspian contain this species. In Great 

 Britain it lives in lakes and streams and has reached a high 

 state of perfection; in Germany and Austria, however, the trout 

 is a characteristic fish, and our supply has been drawn prin- 

 cipally from the former country. Moreau found it at an eleva- 

 tion of 7000 feet in the Pyrenees, and a color variety is native 

 to northern Algeria in about 37 north latitude. In the United 

 States the brown trout has been successfully reared in Colorado 

 at an elevation of nearly 2 miles above sea level; it is now well 



