FISHES OF NEW. YORK 391 



196 Thunnus thyxinus (Linnaeus) 

 Tunny; Horse Madkerel 



^Scomber thynnus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 297, 1758, Europe. 



Tliynnus vulgaris Ctjviee & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. VIII, 58, pi. 



210, 1831, European Seas; De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 105, pi. 10, 



fig-. 28, 1842, after Stoker, 

 Thynnus bracliyptcrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit. 98,- pi. 211, 1831, 



Mediterranean. 

 Thynnus secundidor sails Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 65, pi. XII, fig. 4, 1867. 

 Orcynus thynnus Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex Inst. XI, 15, 1879; Jordan & 



Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 429, 1883. 

 Thunnus thynnus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 870, 1896. 



Bod}' oblong, tapering greatly at both ends, very robust, its 

 greatest depth nearly one fourth of the total length to end of 

 middle caudal rays, its greatest width one sixth of the same 

 length. The least depth of caudal peduncle equals the length 

 of the eye. The head is two sevenths of total length without 

 the caudal; the snout is rather short, acute, its length contained 

 three and one third times in length of head; the maxilla does 

 not quite reach to below front of eye; eye small, two fifths as 

 long as the snout, one seventh as long as the head. The spinous 

 dorsal originates above the insertion of the pectoral; the fin 

 Is very long, reaching almost to second dorsal, high in front and 

 rapidly and regularly diminishing in hight posteriorly, its first 

 spine longest, four ninths as long as the head, the last spine 

 about as long as the pupil. The second dorsal base is as long 

 as the anal base and two fifths as long as the head; the fin is 

 deeply concave and very low behind, its longest ray one half as 

 long as the head; the fin is followed by nine finlets which are 

 about two thirds as long as the eye. The anal origin is under 

 the end of the second dorsal ; the base of the fin is two fifths as 

 long as the head; the longest ray is nearly one half as long as 

 the head; the fin is deeply concave like the second dorsal, and is 

 followed by eight finlets of about the same size as the dorsal 

 finlets. The caudal fin is very deeply forked, almost lunate in 

 shape, the middle rays, measured from caudal base, contained 

 two and one third times in the outer; the caudal keel is enor- 

 mously developed, its length equal to length of snout. The 

 ventral origin is under the second spine of the dorsal; the fin is 



