42S NEW YORK .STATE MUSEUM 



and tduguo. wanting or deciduous in some species; gill rakers 

 long; eye large, with an adipose eyelid; dorsal spines rather low^ 

 connected; second dorsal long, usually elevated in front, both fins 

 depressible in a groove; anal fin similar to second dorsal and 

 nearly as long, preceded by two rather strong spines, its base 

 longer than the abdomen; caudal fin strongly forked, the 

 peduncle very slender; ventral fins moderate; pectorals falcate; 

 no finlets; scales present, mostly very small; lateral line with its 

 posterior part armed with strong bony plates, which grow larger 

 on the tail, each plate armed with a spine, a short dorsal branch: 

 of lateral line usually present; preopercle entire in the adult, 

 serrate in the young, usually with a membranaceous border. 

 Species very numerous in all warm seas. 



Subgenus trichopterus Rafinesqiie 

 21-1 Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) 



GrevalU 



Scomher hippos Linnaeus, Sj'st. Nat. ed. XII, I. 494, 1766, Charleston, South: 



Carolina. 

 Caraux caraiigiis Cuvieu S: Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. IX, 91, 1883; 



GiJNTiiER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. II, 448, 1860. 

 Caranx defensor De Kay, N. Y. Faima, Fishes, 120, pi. 24, fig. 72, 1842; 



HOLBROOK, lelith. S. C. 87, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1860. 

 CaruiHjiis hippos Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 133, 1862; Goode & Bean, 



Bull. Essex lust. XI, 16, 1879. 

 Caranx hipptts Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. :Mus. 437, 1883: 



Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U, S. Nat. Mus. 20O, 1883. 

 Caranx hippos Bean, Bull. U. S. F. C. VII, 139, 1888; Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 



Hist. IX, 362, 1897; 52d Ann. Kept. N. Y. State Mus. 103, 1900; 



Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 920, 1896, pi. CXLI^ 



fiff. .387, lilOO; Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. X, 318, 1808; Smith, 



Bull. U. S. F. C. XVII, 98, 1898. 



Body oblong, tlie ant.iior profile very strongly arched. The 

 d. jiili is loiitiiiiicl t\\,i and one half times in the length. Head 

 ]:\]'^i- ;iim1 (I. r|i, iis lenglh being contained three and one half 

 (iiiies in III II III' I he body; mouth larg(\ low; lower jaw promi- 

 iiriil. iii.ixilj.iiy e\i ending to nearly opposite posterior border 

 of eve. I wo ,iimI (,iie lliii'd in head; teeth in njiper jaw in a 

 bi'>:id \iilirnrni lijind, ;m oiiier series of large, wide set, con- 

 ':>1 I 'III, i'<-tli of lower j;i\v in one row, a distinct canine on 

 ciich side <.t s\ni|.li.vsis; villiforni teetli on vomer, jialatines. 



