FISHES OP NEW YORK 693 



frequent visitor to the shores and is probably a resident of the 

 middle depths. Theyoung are frequently trawled in deep water. 



Family gadidab 

 Codfishes 

 Genus pollachius Xilsson 

 Body rather elongate, covered with minute scales; mouth 

 moderate or large, the lower jaw projecting; barbel very small 

 or obsolete; villiform teeth on vomer, none on palatines; teeth in 

 jaws equal or the outer slightly enlarged; gill membranes more 

 or less united; subopercle and postclavicle not enlarged and not 

 ivory like; dorsal fins three; anal two; caudal lunate; vent under 

 first dorsal. Large fishes of the northern seas. 



345 Pollachius virens (Linnaeus) 



Pollack 



Gadus virens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. X, I, 253, 1758. 



Gad us pnrpureus Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, 370, 1815. 



Merlangus purptireus Storee, Rep. Fish. Mass. 130, 1839; De Kay, N. Y. 



Fauna, Fishes, 286, pi. 45, fig. 147, 1842; Stoeer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 180, 



pi. XXVII, fig. 3, 1867. 

 Merlmigus carbonari us Stoker, Rep. Fish. Mass. 129. 1839; De Kay, X. Y'. 



Fauna, Fishes, 287, pi. 45, fig. 144, 1842. 

 Merlangus leptoceplialus De Kay, op. cit. 288, pi. 45, fig. 146, Long Island. 

 Pollachius carhonarius Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex Inst. XI, 8, 1879. 

 PolhicMus virens Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fish. N. A. 493, 1896; 



Bean, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. IX. 371. 1897; H. M. Smith, Bull. 



U. S. F. C. 1897, 107, 1898; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. 



Mus. Ill, 2534, 1898; IV, pi. CCCLIX, fig. 886, 1900. 



The length of the body is four and one fourth times the depth 

 of the body and four times the length of the head. Body rather 

 elongate, compressed; snout sharp and conic; mouth rather 

 small, oblique; maxillary reaching beyond front of orbit; lower 

 jaw slightly the longer; teeth in upper jaw nearly equal, the 

 outer series not specially enlarged; barbel rudimentary or obso- 

 lete; gill membranes considerably united, free from isthmus; 

 vent under first dorsal; caudal fin lunate; pectorals short, 

 scarcely reaching anal; ventrals short. D. 13-22-20; A. 25-20; 

 Lat. 1. about 150; vertebrae 54. 



Greenish brown above; sides and below somewhat silvery; 

 lateral line pale; fins mostly pale; sometimes a black spot on the 

 axil. 



