FISHES OF NEW YORK 695 



The cranium is proportionallr broader toward tbe front and 

 less flattened, while the brain case is flattened below, decidedly 

 sirollen on each side of a depressed sphenoidal groove, and has 

 an ovate cardiform shape; the paraeccipital or epiotic is not 

 produced into an angle behind, bnt is obtusely rounded, and its 

 posterior or outicardlij descending ridge Hunt; the opisthotic is 

 well developed, oblong, and with its reentering angle high up, 

 and, on a line with it, the surface is divided into two parts a 

 narrow and flattened one, and a lower, expanded one, much 

 swollen; the alisphenoid or prootic is oblong, acutely emarginate 

 in front, sw^ollen from the region of the high anterior sinus, 

 and above a little produced forward; the great frontal is a little 

 longer than broad, with supraoccipital crest continued fo^'ward 

 on the bone, and near the front expanded upward, and with the 

 expanded portion behind dividing into narrow lateral wings; the 

 lateral testiform ridges of the frontal are continued forward 

 and curved outward toward the antero-lateral angles; the ante- 

 rior frontals are mostly covered in front by the great frontal, 

 and are much developed in the direction of the antero-lateral 

 angles, the inferior expanded axillary portion being very nar- 

 row; the nasal has a rounded ridge in fr,ont, continued well 

 below, and its posterior crest is laminar and trenchant. 



Species American; valued as food, 



346 Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum) 



Tonicod; Frostfish 



fladits tomcod Walbaum, Art. Gen. Pise. III. 133, 1792. 



Gadus tomcodns Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, 3G8. 1815: 



Stoker, Rep. Fish. Mass. 126, 1839; Gunthek, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. 



IV, 331, 1862. 

 Gadus pruinosus Mitchill, Rep. Fish. N. Y. 4, 1814. 

 Morrhna pruinosa De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fish. 278, pi. 44, fig. 142. 1842: 



Stoker, Hist. Fish. Mass. 179, pi. XXYII. fig. 5, 1867. 

 Microfjadus tomcodus Goode & Bean. Bull. Essex Inst. XI, 8, 1879; Bean, 



19th Rep. Comm. Fish. N. Y. 248, pi. Ill, fig. B, 1890. 

 Microgadvs tomcod Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 806. 1883: 



Bean, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. IX, 371, 1897; Mearns, Bull. Am. 



Mus. Nat. Hist. X, 322, 1898; Eugene Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. 



N. Y. 1897, 40, 1898; H. M. Smith, Bull. U. S.F. C. 1897, 107. 1898; 



Jordan & Evekmann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. Ill, 2540, 1898: IV. pi. 



CCCLX. fig. 890, 1900; Bean, .52c1 Ann. Rep; N. Y. State Mus. 109, 



1900. 



