REMARKS ON INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS 15 



(d) Damage done to the Young 

 Twigs. The young twigs have a 

 set of pests which usually confine 

 themselves to these parts of the 

 tree. Some of them will also 

 be found to infest seedlings and 

 saplings. 



The smaller branches and twigs 

 of the tun-tree are tunnelled and 

 destroyed by the tun-tree borer 

 (Hypsipyla). 



Scolytus minor is to be found in 

 the bast of deodar twigs, both in 

 saplings and old trees, whilst a 

 smaller scolytid (p. 528) is to be 

 found mining the smaller twigs. 



The twigs of the spruce and 

 silver fir suffer from the attacks of 

 a Chermes (C. himalayensis), which 

 forms galls upon and aborts and 

 kills the former, whilst curling up 

 and killing the latter. 



The Finns longifolia suffers from 

 a pyralid caterpillar which hollows 

 out the extremities of the branches 

 and kills them. 



The twigs of the teak, Boswellin, 

 Finns longifolia, silver fir, blue pine, 

 etc., are destroyed by tiny scoly- 

 tid pests (Cryphalus, Pityophthonts, 



PP. 533, 550- 



(e) Damage done to the Buds. 



The buds of forest trees doubtless 

 suffer a very considerable amount of 

 as yet unappreciated injury from 

 insects. 



The buds of the sal in Assam are 

 destroyed by a small microlepidop- 

 terous caterpillar. 



It is on the winter bud of the 

 spruce that the Chermes winter: female 

 feeds, and sets up an irritation which 

 subsequently results in a gall en- 

 closing her progeny, the bud being 

 entirely destroyed. 



FlG. io. Inner surface of the bark of 



^r<iniian,i, showin- th( iixl 



galleries of l\>l\^raphii* trcnjii, 



