560 FAMILY SCOLYTIDAE 



I need scarcely add anything here to the remarks made under Crypto- 

 rhynclius (p. 433) and Polygraphus (p. 506). In the case 



Protection and of this insect, however, it is most important that the 

 Remedial Measures, bark should be stripped from the trees as soon as possible 



after the latter have been felled. To leave them lying in 



the forest for several months after felling means that one, or perhaps two, 

 complete generations of this pest may be bred out of the trees, this meaning 

 half a million or more beetles issuing from each tree to carry on the infection 

 in the forest. 



To ascertain the abundance of the beetle in any forest, it might be 

 advisable each spring to fell a green tree or two and visit it some time early 

 in May. By stripping off a foot or two of the bark it will be possible to 

 ascertain to what extent it has been attacked by the insect. This would 

 enable the Range Officer to obtain a very fair idea of the damage he may 

 expect to occur from this pest. 



Chalcid sp. -The grub of this small fly feeds parasitically upon the 



larva of Tomicus longifolia, and perhaps on that of 

 Parasitic and n , ,, , ., .. c T . . T 



Predaceous Insects. Polygraphs longifolia. I took specimens in Jaunsar 



in the North-West Himalaya. 



/'/)'. A nrnute black-coloured four-winged fly. 



Cocoon. Oval, elliptical, small, flat, and of a papery consistence. 



Life History. I know little of this insect at present. I found it 

 maturing in the upper part of a large P. longifolia tree in which a number of 

 Tomicus longifolia beeves were nearly mature. Some of these latter beetles 

 had already left the tree, as also had some of the Ichneumon flies. I found 

 them hovering over the lower butt of the tree into which the Tomicus beetles 

 were tunnelling to lay their eggs, or crawling down the tunnels, pre- 

 sumably to oviposit. The fly is very active on the wing in broad sunlight, 

 and is difficult to catch. I took some specimens in the Tomicus galleries. 

 The larva spins a small, flat, oval, elliptical, papery cocoon in which it 

 pupates. The grub probably feeds parasitically on the Tomicus grub. 



Niponius canalicollis, Lewis. The grub of this insect is parasitic on 

 that of Tomicus longifolia and Polygraphus longifolia. This insect has been 

 already fully described on p. 507. I took specimens of the mature beetle 

 in Pinus longifolia, in company with both the above bark-borers, on several 

 occasions in the Naini Tal forests in June 1908. The insect is very 

 plentiful in the coniferous forests of the North-West Himalaya. 



Paromalus sp. (p. 107). The grubs feed parasitically on those of 

 Tomicus longifolia and Polygraphus longifolia. I took specimens of this 

 insect in Jaunsar, in the North-West Himalaya. 



Oval, square, very hard and compact, flat. Black, shining ; the elytra leave 

 exposed the posterior two segments of the body. 



-The beetle was taken in numbers in a large standing 

 green tree which was being badly attacked by Tomicus longifolia and Poly- 



