GENEKAL OBSERVATIONS. 11 



equivalent in extent with the order Pinnijyedia. The propriety 

 of the changes introduced by IQiger was not speedily recognized 

 by contemporary writers 5 Cuvier, and many subsequent syste- 

 matists for half a century, placing the Pinnii)eds among the 

 Carnivora and the Sirenians among the Cetacea, with the rank 

 respectively of families, the family Phocidcc embracing all the 

 Pinnipeds. Dr. J. E. Gray, in 1821,* and again in 1825,t widely 

 separated the Walruses from the Seals as a family, THcliecliidw, 

 which he most strangely i)laced (together with the Sirenians) in 

 the order Cete. Later, however, in 1837, f he reunited the Wal- 

 ruses and the Seals into the single family FJwcidw, which he 

 divided into five subfamiUes, TricliecMna being the third and 

 central group, and embracing the genera Haliclioerus and TricJie- 

 clius. This highly artificial classification he retained tiU 1866,^ 

 when, following other systematists, he again raised the Wal- 

 ruses to the rank of a distinct family. 



Latreille, in 1825, not only treated the Pinnii)eds as an 

 order {Amphihia), but separated the Walruses from the others 

 as a listinct family (Broca), the Seals forming his family Cyno- 

 morpha. 



In 1829, F. Cuvier|| divided the Pinnipeds into the Seals proper 

 ( " les Phoques proprement dits") , and the Walruses ( ' 'les Morses") . 

 Brookes, ^ in 1828, again recognized the Walruses as forming 

 a family (^'- Trichedddce sen Campodontia^^) distinct from the 

 other Pinnipeds. Wagier,** in 1830, made the Walruses merely 

 a genus of his order Ursi. Xilsson, tt in 1837, divided the Pin- 

 nipeds into two sections, the second of which embraced not only 

 Trieheclius, but also Halichcerus, Cystopliora., and Otaria. Tur- 

 ner, Xt ill 1848, from a study of the skulls, separated the Pinni- 

 peds into three natural grouijs, considered by him to hold the 

 rank of subfamilies, namely: ArctoccpJialhia, embracing Otaria 

 a.nd. Arctocephalus ; THchecina, consisting of the genus ^'Triclie- 

 cus^^; and FJiocina, embracing all the other Seals. Gill, in 1866, 



* "London Med. Repos., 1821, p. 302," aj)iid Gray, 

 t Annals of Philosopliy, 2d ser., vol. x, 1825, p. 340. 

 t Loudon's Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. i, p. 583. 

 Fam. Eeg. Anim., p. 51. 

 II Diet. Sei. Nat., t. lix, p. 367. 



U ''Cat. of Ms Anatom. and Zoiil. Mus., p. 36," aimd auct. 

 **Naturl. Syst. Ampli., p. 27. 



tt Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 1837, 235; Wiegmann's Arch. f. Naturg., 1841,, 

 p. 306(transl.). 



tt Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1848, pp. 85, 88. 

 v^\^ Proc. Essex Institute, a'oI. v, p. 7. 



