DENTITION. 49 



lower jaw.* F. Cuvier gave later also the same dental formula. 

 He deemed tliat tlie peculiar or anomalous dentition of the Wal- 

 ruses indicated that they were an isolated group, having affini- 

 ties, on the one hand, with the Carnivora, and, on the other, 

 Avith the Euminants ! t 



According to Wiegmami, Eudolphi| (in 1802) recognized 

 the first of the series of loiccr grinding teeth as a canine. 



Thus, as Wiegmann long since observed, the subject remained 

 tiU Eapp was so fortunate, in 1828, as to have opportunity to 

 examine a foetal specimen. In this exami)le, he found six inci- 

 sors in the ui^per jaw and five in the lower (|^). He also 

 expressed it as his belief that the first lower molar should be 

 regarded as a canine, because (1) it was somewhat further 

 removed from the rest than the others were from each other; 

 because (2) of its greater length and thicliness in the adult ani- 

 mal ; because (3) it stands close to the temjiorary or milk inci- 

 sors, and shuts against the outermost of the upper incisors ; 

 and because (4) it lacks the transverse depression seen on the 

 inner side of the crown of the back-teeth. The dental formula 

 recognized by him for the Walrus may be considered as 



^- 3_37 ^' 1_17 -^'^' 3 3" 



Fremery, in 1831, also made reference to the dentition of the 

 Walruses ; but his paper bears mainly upon the question of 

 whether there are one or more species of these animals, and 

 will be further noticed in another connection. He notes partic- 

 ularly the presence, ia some of his skulls, of two smaU molars 

 above, behind the large ones. 



Wiegmann, II in 1838, contributed facts additional to those 

 aheady recorded, but his memoir is largely devoted to a discus- 

 sion of the obsers^ations of preceding writers. He assents to 

 Eudolphi's and Eapp's interpretation of the homological rela- 

 tion of the first large tooth of the lower jaw; refers to finding 



*Regne Animal, torn, i, 1817, p. 168. 



t Dents des Mam., p. 234. 



t Anatomiscli-pliysiologisclie Abhandlungen, j). 145. 



^ Wiegmann says : "... . Ueberdies ist Rudolplii cler erste, der die uuteren 

 Eckziihue erkennt. Er Lemerkt niimlicli, dass der erste Backenzalin des 

 Unterkiefei's sich von den iibrigen durch seine Grosse auszeicbne, und wenn 

 auch der Form nach einem Backenzaline ahnlicli, docli seiner Grosse nach 

 beinahe flir einen Eckzalm zn lialten ware, was spiiter durcli Rapp, dem 

 indessen diese Notiz unbekannt blieb, ausser Zweifel gesetzt ist." Arch, fur 

 Naturg., 1838, pp. 119, 120. 



II ArcMv flir Natiirgesch., 1838, pp. 113-130. 

 Misc. Pub. No. 12 4 



