438 FAMILY PHOCID^. 



Under the generic term PJwca are here of course included, the 

 Otaries as well as the Phocids. These nineteen species are sim- 

 ply those of Pennant, with the addition of Latin names. 



In 1806 Turton brought out his " General System of Mature "^ 

 (the dedication is dated 1800) in which (vol. i, pp. 38-40) nine- 

 teen species of Phoca are given, they being the selfsame nine- 

 teen enumerated by Kerr in 1792. 



Peron,* in 1816, described in great detail the Sea-Elephant of 

 the Southern Seas under the name PJioca prohoscidea^ claiming 

 that the Linnsean name was not strictly tenable. He also 

 named t Bnffon's "Phoque a ventre blanc" Phoca leucogaster 

 {= Phoca monachus, Hermann), and gave the name Phoca resimaX 

 to "le grand Phoque des iles St.-Pierre et St.-Paul d'Amster- 

 dam, dont Macartney, Cox et Mortimer nous ont successivement 

 donne I'interessante histoire" (= Macrorhinus leonimts, fem.)^ 

 thus introducing three synonyms. 



In the same year (1816) apiieared the second part of Oken' 

 "Lehrbuch der Xaturgeschichte", in which sixteen species are 

 enumerated under Phoca. The only noteworthy x)oints are 

 bestowal upon Molina's Phoca lupma of the name tetradactylaj. 

 the omission of all of Kerr's and Shaw's new names, and the 

 inclusion of three of Thunberg's (namely Phoca sericea, P. canina^ 

 and P. variegata). 



Desmarest gave in 1817 a very fair monograph of the Seals, 

 especially considering the date of publication. He distinguishes, 

 first, with commendable discrimination, seven species "sans^ 

 oreilles " which he considers are not sufficiently well known ta 

 take a place in a list of the species, or to be referred with cer- 

 tainty to other species. These are very properly : 1. Phoca Ion- 

 gicolUs, Shaw; 2. P. testiidinea, Shaw, 3. P. fasciata, Shsiw, 4. 

 P. punctata, "Encycl. angl.";|| 5. P. maculata, "Encycl. angl.";. 



* Voy. aux Terr. Austr. toI. ii, 1816, pp. 32-66, pi. xxxii. 



t L. c, p. 47, footnote. 



tL. c, p. 66. 



INouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vol. xxv, article "Phoque", 1817, pp. 544-590. 



II The "Encycl. angl." here quoted by Desmarest, and later by F. Cuvier 

 and Lesson, and by Fischer as "Enc. Brit.," is doubtless Eees's "Cyclo- 

 pedia ; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature," in -which 

 I find under "Phoca" (vol. xxviii, of the "first American edition," with- 

 out date, but given in catalogues as published 1806-1824), the names here 

 cited by Desmarest, as well as additional ones cited by Fischer (see beyond, 

 p. 446). The authorship of the article is not given, but the editor of the 

 work states that the zoological portions were chiefly prepared by Donovan. 

 The matter relating to the Seals could scarcely be more noxious, the ac- 



