442 FAMILY PHOCIDiE. 



genus Calloceiilialus. He discusses to some extent the charac- 

 ters of several of the species of Earless Seals (as well as Otaries) 

 and figures the skulls of five of them. 



The same year (1824) Thienemann * published his observa- 

 tions on the Seals collected and observed by him in Iceland, 

 in which he renamed most of the species, and published a full 

 description and colored illustrations of the animals, and figured 

 the skulls of most of them. He recognized seven species, which 

 are as follows, with the allocations usually assigned them by 

 recent authorities : t 1. Phoca liftorea {= P. vituUna)', 2. Phoca 

 mmellata ( = Phoca fcetida) ; 3. Phoca grmnlandica ; 4. Phoca 

 harhata; 5. Phoca liaUchcerns {= Halichcerus grypns) ] G. Phoca 

 scopulicola { = Salichcerus grypus, young); 7. Phoca leiicopla 

 (= Cystophora. cristata). Of these seven species two are purely 

 nominal, and three others represent species previously de- 

 scribed. Thienemann here adds in all four synonyms and no 

 new species. | 



G. Cuvier, in his "Ossemens fossiles", gave a somewhat 

 extended but informal review of the " Phoques vivantes," in 

 which are described two new species, namely, Phoca lagura 

 {= Phoca groenlandica, young), from " Terre-Neuve," received 

 from M. de la Pilaye. It is evidently based on a quite young 

 animal, having a length of "trois pied trois ponces," and cov- 

 ered with "laine blanche". He also describes a Phoca mitrata 

 (ex "Camper" MSS.)|| based on a skull of Cystophora cristata 



* Naturhistorische Bemerkungen gesammelt auf einer Reise im Norden von 

 Europa, vorziilicli in Island in d. Jaliren 1820 bis 1821. I, Siiugetli. 1824. 

 Quoted at second hand, as cited by various authors, the work being inac- 

 cessible to me. 



t Based mainly on the identifications of Gray, Lilljeborg, and von Heuglin. 



X According to Ferussac's Bull, des Sci. Nat. v, 1825, pp. 260-262, Thiene- 

 mann gives the following figures : Phoca harhata, i^l. i, $ adult; pi. ii, $ 2 

 years old; pi. iii, <? 1 year old; pi. iv, skull. Phoca scopulicola, pi. v, ^ ad. 

 Phoca Uttorea, pi. vi, J ; pi. vii, skull ; -pi. viti, anatomy. Phoca anndlata, 

 pi. ix, 5 ad. ; pi. x, juv. ; pi. xi, skull ; pi. xii, anatomy. Phoca leucoplay 

 pi. xiii. Phoca groenlandica, pi. xiv, $ ad.; pi. xv, $; pi. xvi, $ 2 years 

 old ; pi. xvii, ^ 1 year old ; pi. xviii, young 8 days old ; jil. xix, skull ; pi. 

 XX, anatomy ; pi. xxi, attitudes in the water. 



I cite here the third (the author's last) edition, tom. v, 1825, pp. 206 

 et seq. 



II The name mitrata, derived from the same specimen, appears to have 

 been previously made public by Desmarest in 1820, who says "M. Milbert, 

 correspondent du Museum, dans les fitats-Unis, vient d'envoy er h cet 6tablisse- 

 ment, sous le nom de Phoca mitrata, la tete d'un phoque qui diif ere essen- 

 tiellement de celui-ci [" P/foca cr;ste/a"] jiar le marque de crete et par k' 

 nombre de dents. . . ." Mammalogie, p. 241, footnote. 



