450 FAMILY PHOCID^. 



1. Phoca jyrohoscidea ; 2. P. monackus ; 3. F. vitulina; 4. P. 

 caspica; 5. P. barhata; G. P. annellata {=foetida)', 7. P. green- 

 landiGa; 8. P. grypus ; 9. P. lagura ; 10. P. leptonyx; 11. P. 

 iceddelli ; 12. P. crisfata. Eleven of these represent valid spe- 

 cies, one only (P. lagura) being nominal. The doubtful ones are, 

 1. P. chorisi ; 2. P. sericea^ Thunb. ; 3. P. testudinea, Shaw. 



In 1846 Andreas Wagner, in his continuation of Schreber's 

 " Saugtbiere " (Theil vii, pp. 5-51) presented an important revis- 

 ion of the Earless Seals. The fourteen species recognized by 

 him he refers to four genera, as follows : 1. Haliclioerus grypiis 

 (to "which he refers Phoca Jiispida, Schreber !) ; 2. Phoca barbata; 

 3. Phoca groenlandica ; 4. Phoca 7iummularis (ex ''SchlegeF, i. e. 

 Temminck, Fauna Japon. = P. fcetida)', 5. Phoca vitulina; 6. 

 Phoca annellata (ex Nilsson ; P.fwtida and P. hispida, Fabric, are 

 given as synonyms!); 7. Phoca caspica ; 8. Leptonyx serridens 

 {= Stenorhynchus serridens^ Owen, and Lobodon carcinophaga. 

 Gray) ; 9. Leptonyx leopardina (ex Jameson MSS. apud Ham- 

 ilton; ^^ Phoca leptonyx, Blainville" = Leptonyx iceddelli)', 10. 

 Leptonyx weddelli; 11. Leptonyx rossi; 12. Leptonyx monachus ; 

 13. Cystophora proboscidea; 14. Cystophora cristata. Of these, 

 two {Phoca nummularis and Leptonyx leopardinus) are nominal. 

 Although a highly important, and in most respects a judicious 

 review of the subject, it presents several strange allocations of 

 synonymy, as above noted. Under Leptonyx iceddelli, for exam- 

 ple, the only references he cites he had just previously given 

 under 8. leopardinus, and appears to separate the two species 

 on the basis of erroneous drawings of the hind feet, i^either 

 does he explain why he refers Schreber's Phoca hispida to JIali- 

 choerus grypus, or why he allows annellata of Nilsson to take pre- 

 cedence of fcetida of Fabricius. 



Peale,* in 1848, misled by the transposition of a label, de- 

 scribed specimens of Phoca vitulina from the Pacific coast of 

 ;North America, under the name Halichoerus antarcticus, suppos- 

 ing the specimens came from the Desolation Islands. 



In 1849 Dr. J. E. Grayt '^received", he says, "from the West 

 Indies the skin and skuU of a Seal which evidently belongs to 

 the same genus as the crested seal of the northern hemisphere", 

 which he described under the name Cystophora antillarum. He 

 refers to another "imperfect skin of a seal from Jamaica, which 



*Rep. U. S. Ex. Exp., vol. viii, 1848, p. 30. 

 t Proc. Zool. Soc. Loudon, 1849, p. 93. 



