452 FAMILY PHOCID^. 



thirteen in number, are referred to four genera, as follows : 1 . 

 Halichcerus gryints ; 2. Flioca barhata {with leporina, Lepech., 

 albigejia and nautica, Pallas, as synonyms) ; 3. Fhoca grcenlandica 

 (with oceanica, " Steller," and dorsata, Pallas, as synonyms, to 

 which also ochotensis, Pallas, is doubtfully added) ; 4. PJioca 

 nummularis, '^Schlegel" { = fcetlda) ; 5. FJioca vitulina (with the 

 synonyms variegata, Miss., littorea and scoimlicola, Thienemann, 

 concolor, DeKay, etc.); 6. PJioca annellata (with fcetida and 

 hispida, Fabr., discolor, F. Cuv., and ocfonofata and ulfdulata, 

 Kutorga, as synonyms) ; 7. Phoca caspica ; 8. Leptonyx serridens 

 (= carcinopliaga) ; 9. Leptonyx leopardinus (= leptonyx, Blainv.); 

 10. Leptonyx u'eddelU ; 11. Leptonyx monachus ; 12. Cystophora 

 prohoscidea (with ansoni, Desm., and duhia, Fisch., as synonyms); 

 13. Cystophora cristata (with leonina, Linn., horealis, Nilss., 

 leucopla, Thienmann, and mitratu, "Fisch.," as synonyms). 

 Of the thirteen species one only {nummularis) is nominal, and 

 nearly all stand under their proper specific names, while the 

 various synonyms are in every case correctly referred. 



Von Schrenck, in 1859, in his "Eeisen und Forschungen im 

 Amur-Lande" (vol. i, pp. 180-188, pi. ix) recognized four spe- 

 cies as occurring on the Amoor coast of the Ochots Sea, namely : 

 1. '^PJioca nummularis, Schleg." { ^^ Phoca largha, Pallas"); 2. 

 Phoca barhata {=^'Ph. nautica und Ph. albigena, Pallas"); 3. 

 "P/wca oc/iofewsts, Pallas"; 4. ^^ Phoca equestris, Pallas" (= P. 

 fasdata., Zimm.). While none are assumed by the author to be 

 new, the last is for the first time adequately described and fig- 

 ured. Although the existence of this remarkable species was 

 indicated by Pennant in 1781, on information and a drawing 

 furnished him by Pallas, it had hitherto been seen by no sub- 

 sequent author, and had generally figured as a synonyni of 

 other species or in the lists of the doubtful or indeterminable 

 ones. Von Schrenck, however, not only gave detailed descrip- 

 tions of the dentition and external characters, with measure- 

 ments of the old and young of both sexes, but also colored 

 figures of the adult male and female. 



In 1862, Eadde, in his "Eeisen im Siiden von Ost-Sibirien" 

 (Theil i, pp. 296-304, pi. xiii) described at length a skull of a 

 young female of the Lake Baikal Seal under the name Phoca 

 annellata, and incidentally in comparison therewith a skull of 

 the Caspian Seal {Phoca caspica) and three skulls of Phoca 

 fcetida {'' annellata'''') from the East Sea, all of which he referred 

 to the Phoca atinellata of Nilsson. His article is of importance 



