456 FAMILY PHOCID^. 



species, Radde's specimen being Phoca caspica, while Eadde's 

 annellatttf as lie understood it, is ili&foetida of authors. 



In 1873 Dr. Dybowski* gave a detailed account of the Lake 

 Baikal Seal, with figures, under the name Phoca baicalensis, for 

 the first time clearly setting forth its distinctive characters, 

 although the species had been vaguely known, chiefly through 

 incidental notices by travellers, for a century, and as earlj^ as 

 1788 had received, at the hands of Gmelin, the varietal name 

 sibirica, he referring it, however, as have many subsequent 

 writers, to Phoca vitulina. 



In 1875 Dr. Peters t proposed the recognition of five species 

 of Sea Elephants, as follows: 1. Cystophora leonina, Jjidu. (=th6 

 Sea Lion of Anson) ; 2. G. falklandica ( = the Sea Lion of 

 Pernety) ; 3. G. prohoscidea (ex P^ron) ; 4. G. angusUrostris (ex 

 GiU); 5. G. kerguelensis (the species occurring at Kerguelen 

 Island). IS^os. 1, 2, 3, and 5 are doubtless synonyms of Macro- 

 rhinus leo7iinus. Two new names are proposed, namely, falJc- 

 landica and Icerguelensis. 



The foregoing review has been intentionally limited to works 

 or papers that either (1) ostensibly relate to the whole family, 

 or (2) to the species of the ]!<^orth American fauna, or (3) to 

 those which introduce "new species" or new synonyms. Con- 

 sequently, reference to many important papers or memoirs 

 treating of particular groujis, or of special subjects, is wholly 

 omitted ; but the greater part of these will be found cited in 

 subsequent pages under the si)ecies to which they particularly 

 relate. No special reference has been made, for example, to 

 Bell's "History of British Quadrupeds", to Blasius's "iJ^fatur- 

 geschichte der Saugethiere Deutschlands ", Lilljeborg's " Fauna 

 ofver Sveriges och Korges Eyggradsdjur", etc., or to the spe- 

 cial memoirs on the Seals of the Arctic Seas by Brown, Malm- 

 gren, von Heuglin, etc., or the various papers relating to the 

 anatomy, milk-dentition, etc., of the different species. 

 . For convenience of reference, I present the following chrono- 

 logical summary of the foregoing analysis, premising that the 

 names following the sign of equality are those adopted in the 

 present monograph. The names under which valid species are 

 first introduced are designated by the use of thick type, syno- 

 nyms by italic type, and indeterminable names by plain type. 

 Only the Phocids are here taken into account. 



*Atc1i. fiir Anat. u. Phys., 1873, j)p, 109, et seqq. j)U. ii, iii. 



t Monatsb, Akad. d. Wissenscli. zu Berlin, 1875, p. 394, footnote. 



