562 PHOCA VITULINA HARBOR SEAL. 



Phoca sell vitulus marinas, Ray, Syn. Quad. 1713, 1H9. Bkisson, Reg. Anim., 

 1760, 162. 



Phoca, Worm, Mus. Worm., 1655, 289. 



Phoca dentihns caninis tectis, Lixx6, " Syst. Nat., 36"; Fauna Suec, 1746, 4. 



Phoca medice ma()nitadinis, Steller, Nov. Coinm. Petrop., ii, 1751, 290. 



Spraglei, Egede, Gronlands Naturel-Hist., 1741, pi. facing p. 46. 



BoUe, Swlhitnd, Pontoppidan, "Norg. Nat. Hist., ii, 1752, 203, fig. "; Nat. 

 Hist, von Norwegen, ii, 1753, 237. 



Kassigiak, Cranz, Hist, von GriJnl. (zweite Aufl.) i, 1770, 163 (1st ed. 1765, 

 not seen) ; Hist, of Greenl., i, 1767, 123. 



Phoque de notre Ocean, Buffon, Hist. Nat., xiii, 1765, 333,339, pi. xlv. 



Phoque commune, BuFFON, Hist. Nat., Suppl., vi, 1782, 330, pi. xlvi. G. 

 CuviER, Oss. Foss., iv, 1823, 278; v, 200. F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. 

 des Mam., livr. xli, 1824. 



Seal, Pennant, Brit. Zool., 1766, 34. 



Common Seal, Pennant, Syn. Quad., 1771, 339; Arctic Zool., 2nd ed. i, 1792, 

 175. Parsons, Phil. Trans., xlvii, 1753, 120, pi. vi. 



Leopard Seal, Scamaion, 1. c. 



Seel; Sa'lhund ; Landsa'l; Spragled Sa>l, Danish. 



Knuhhsjdl ; Sprdcklig Skdl ; Wikare Sjwl, Swedish. 



Steen-Eobhe, Norwegian. 



Seehund; Gemeine Seehund ; Gefleckte Seehund; Eohhe ; iS'ee^a?6, German. 



Phoque; Phoque commune ; Feau-marin; Loup-marln; Chien-itiarin ; French. 



Seal; Common Seal; Harbor Seal ; River Seal ; Bay Seal ; Land Seal ; Fresh- 

 wafer Seal; Sea-Calf; Sea-Cat; Sea-Dog, English authors and Eng- 

 lish local names. 



Selchie; <S'e?cft (Scotland) ; Tangfish (Shetland); i?awn (Hebrides). 



Native Seal ; Banger ; Dotard, Newfoundland sealers. 



External Characters. Color variable. Above, usually 

 yellowisli-gray, varied with irregular spots of dark brown or 

 black ; beneath, yellowish- white, usually with smaller spots of 

 dark-brown. Sometimes uniform brownish-yellow above, and 

 somewhat paler below, entirely without spots ; or uniform dark- 

 gray above, and pale yellowish- white below, everywhere unspot- 

 ted. oSTot unfrequently everywhere dark-brown or blackish, 

 varied with irregular streaks and small spots of yellowish- 

 brown ; the head wholly blackish from the nose to beyond the 

 eyes; the lips and around the eyes rusty-yellow. Length of 

 male, o to 6 feet; of female, somewhat less. Young at birth 

 uniform soiled-white or yellowish- white, changing to darker 

 with the first moult. 



The variations in color are almost endless, ranging from uni- 

 form yellowish-brown to almost uniform dark-brown, and even 

 nearly black, with, between these extremes, almost everj" pos- 

 sible variation, from dark spotting on a light ground to light 



