I06 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



assistance. Then about one-third the top should be cut off, care 

 being taken not to work deep near rows, after the first season. 



FertiHzers should be applied early in spring, even before plants 

 are straightened up, and it seems to me ashes are excellent. A 

 little salt or fine bone, especially on dry soil, is good. All the 

 above applies to both raspberries and blackberries. 



I have until the two last seasons cut the black raspberries off 

 when, say, two feet high, before fruit season, but I have made 

 an improvement in allowing them to grow, and as soon as fruit 

 is off, cut out old wood, swing the stool plants round all one way 

 and tie to each other, then cultivate in the spaces thus made, and 

 in September bend the plants down close, and a whole hill 

 together and cover a foot or more of tips. In spring I raise 

 them up about four feet and, if in hills, bring the tops of two 

 together, forming an arch, then an open space. I find I get 

 more fruit and the bushes do not feel the winds nor are they in 

 the way so much as in the old way, and above all they winter 

 far better. It would seem, bound thus, as though there would 

 not be room, but the laterals will come out in a wonderful man- 

 ner and rejoice one's heart with plenty of the largest fruit. 



All of the tip-rooting sorts are sure to do better if set in a 

 depression not covered full depth at first, unless old plants, for 

 a young plant is easily smothered if covered as we do the red 

 sorts. 



VARIETIES. 



The Turner I have fruited for several years, but have dis- 

 carded. The berry was too small and too soft, though 

 the canes were free from thorns (a good feature) and among 

 the hardiest. 



The old standard, the Cuthburt, I still grow, it being produc- 

 tive, of good size, etc., yet not as hardy as the Turner. By 

 proper laying down and fertilizing, however, it will please all. 



I have increased the Loudon as fast as possible. I find it a 

 fine sort in all respects. In bush it resembles the Turner^ 

 smooth and clean and very stocky '; fruit large and abundant even 

 on small plants. In the future I shall plant only this sort for 

 reds, unless it be the Marlboro, which I find an excellent very 

 early sort. 



