TH® JSMERICSJH BE® JOVimUMI^. 



71 



service in the new order of things, as 

 iin outside guard to watcli and ward 

 oil" the operations of unprineipled 

 parties who may be disposed to appro- 

 priate that which belongs to others. 



And in conclusion I will say, that 

 because I have enjoj'ed the privilege 

 of collecting the nectar from my 

 neighbors' fields, orchards and forests, 

 for a dozen years and more, and that 

 although during all these jears I have 

 done them good and not evil ; that all 

 this does not make me the owner of 

 the nectar of future years — without a 

 doubt in my mind it belongs to the 

 owners of the soil, whose it is, and 

 who have a right as a community, to 

 control the disposal of it in a just and 

 equitable manner, just as surely as 

 they have the right to dispose of any 

 other valuable product of the soil. But 

 in the meantime let us all appreciate 

 and rejoice in the security that the 

 priority-of-location principle afibrds us. 

 I am strongly impressed with the con- 

 viction that any bee-keeper who in the 

 future shall introduce himself upon 

 preoccupied ground, will realize that 

 public opinion justly censures him. 

 S. T. Pettit. 



Mr. McKnight said that he regretted 

 that Mr. Pettit was not present, and 

 under the cii-cumstances he would but 

 briefly say that what he had written he 

 had no reason to retract. 



Mr. Cornell said that the essay, in 

 his estimation, was all right to insert 

 in a bee-paper, but not the !vind of an 

 essay that would be expected to be 

 read before a convention. 



Mr. Clarke said that he would only 

 take Ml'. Pettit's own essay to prove 

 that the writer of it himself advocated 

 legislatiofl. 



Mr. Holtermann, who read the essaj', 

 pointed out that in reference to Mr. 

 Clarke, Mr. Pettit. in his essay, never 

 said that he did not advocate legisla- 

 tion, only he did not advocate the kind 

 that Mr. Clarke had said was proposed. 



A motion was then made that a 

 special general meeting be held of the 

 Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, at 

 Brantford, during the time the Inter- 

 national meets there, and that a dele- 

 gation be sent to represent the Ontario 

 Bee-Keepers' Association. 



Mr. Holtermann asked if this was to 

 be the annual meeting, and was told 

 that it was not. Mr. H. then stated 

 that Messrs. Anguish, Barber and him- 

 self were a deputation from Brant, to 

 ask the Ontario Association to have 

 their annual meeting at Brantford, at 

 the same time as the International ; 

 that he, as the Secretary, could tell 

 them that the reason the date of the 

 annual meeting had not been fixed by 

 the International, was because they 

 wanted to meet the Ontario in any way 



possible ; he knew the law demanded 

 that the Ontario Association fix the 

 date of tlieir annual meeting at this 

 meeting, but there was no reason why 

 arrangements couhl not be made for 

 both to meet at tlie same time. 



Messrs. R. McKnight, W. F. Clarke, 

 S. Cornell and F. H. Macphcrson op- 

 posed having the aniuial meeting at 

 the same time as the International, 

 claiming that the business of the On- 

 tario Bee-Keepers' Association could 

 not be done properly. Mr. Holter- 

 mann claimed that then, as now, the 

 tlirectors could meet before and after 

 the sessions, and they transacted the 

 most of the business. 



As he could not make a motion to 

 fix the place of meeting, until the next 

 day, according to the programme, he 

 would move that the question be 

 " tabled " until that time. Whereupon 

 Messrs. McKniglit and Clarke with- 

 drew their motion until that time. 



Discussions followed upon " Venti- 

 lation," the majority being in favor of 

 ventilating hives and repositories. 



In discussing the advisability of pre- 

 venting bees from breeding early in- 

 doors when wintering, some were in 

 favor of having them breed early, 

 others not until after being taken out, 

 opinions Ijeing pretty well divided. In 

 wintering bees in clamps, some ob- 

 jected to moving the hives together, 

 but advocated separate clamps for 

 each hive. 



SEIGOISTID ID.A.-5r. 



The convention was called to order, 

 with President Emigh in the chair. 

 The election of officers was then held, 

 and resulted as follows : Rev. W. F. 

 Clarke, President. Mr. Emigh, the 

 President for 1888, who had refused to 

 serve a second term for President, was 

 elected Vice-President. 



The directors of the various agricul- 

 tural districts were elected as follows : 



J. K. Dai-ling, Almonte ; M. B. 

 Holmes, Delta ; Allen Pringle, Selby ; 

 S. Cornell, Lindsay ; Wm. Couse, 

 Streetsville ; A. Pickett, Nassagawaya ; 

 Will Ellis, St. Davids ; D. Anguish, 

 Mohawk ; R. McKnight, Owen Sound ; 

 F. A. Gemmell, Stratford, and R. E. 

 Smith, Tilberry Centre. 



It was then decided to fix the place 

 of meeting before electing auditors. 

 After some more discussion, Belleville 

 was selected for the next place of 

 meeting (Brantford I'eceiving 6 votes 

 and Belleville 7), on the second 

 Wednesday and Thursday of January, 

 1890. 



It was decided that a special gen- 

 eral meeting be held at Brantford, at 

 the time the International meets there, 

 the President, Vice-President and direc- 



tors being appointed a delegation to 

 represent this Association. 



The election of auditors was then 

 held. Mr. Macpherson stated that the 

 Arts Act did not require the auditors 

 to be members, and nominated Mr. 

 Walbridge. Mr. Holtermann claimed 

 that he must be a member. Mr. 

 McKnight said not, and so did Mr. 

 Cornell ; and Mr. Walinidge was 

 elected. Another, not a member, was 

 nominated, when Mr. Holtermann 

 again protested. An eminent lawyer, 

 the Mayor of Owen Sound, who had 

 just welcomed the Association, being 

 present, the decision was left to him, 

 Mr. McKnight jokinglj- remarking 

 that there must be no "fee." The 

 Mayor declared Mr. Holtermann to be 

 correct. W. P. Taylor, of Fitzroy 

 Harbor, and R. F. Holtermann were 

 then appointed auditors. 



Ilivc-Tentilation in 'tVinter. 



Mr. Cornell, in his essay, explained 

 the action of the currents of atmos- 

 phere of various temperatures coming 

 in contact. The temperature of the 

 hive was generallj^ about 59^ or 60^, 

 whilst the outside temperature in the 

 repositor}' was much lower, and that 

 of the open air as in outside wintering, 

 is even greater. This caused a con- 

 stant change of air in the hive. 



Mr. Cornell had two 2-quart pails — 

 blacked so as to cause greater radia- 

 tion — suspended in the hive, and by 

 this means secured a higher tempera- 

 ture in the hive than that in the room 

 where the experiments were conducted. 

 A wick, ignited, was then suspended 

 in the hive, filling it with a dense 

 smoke. By this means the direction 

 of the currents of atmosphere could 

 readily be detected. 



The experiments conducted by Mr. 

 Cornell showed that the tendency of 

 the currents of air, under the condi- 

 tions named, is upwards. That if there 

 be but one entrance, as in the ordinary 

 ventilator, and the atmosphere has to 

 enter and make its exit at one open- 

 ing, the current does not come in at 

 one side and go out at the other, but is 

 divided horizontally, goit:g in at the 

 lower half, and coming out again at 

 the upper. Again, that if the entrance 

 is divided horizontally, b)- even a piece 

 of paper only, it prevents friction be- 

 tween the two currents, and the circu- 

 lation maj' be quite free ; whilst if not 

 so divided, the friction between the 

 two currents almost stops the circula- 

 tion with the ordinary entrance. For 

 this reason an upright ventilator is 

 better than one horizontal, if there be 

 only one ventilator. 



Mr. Cornell api>earcd to favor a rim 

 being placed under the brood-cham- 

 ber, and between it and tlie bottom- 

 board. One ventilator, the front one, 



