214 THE TIMBERS OF THE WORLD 



however, all these matters are studied and continually kept under 

 observation, such brands and markings are of little use, as that which is 

 described as the first quality of one might not be so good as the third 

 quality of another, while each is liable to continual variation according 

 to changing circumstances. 



Pine, Blue. Pinus excelsa, Wall. Weight, 20-33 lbs. (Gamble). 

 India. 



This wood, which is also called Bhutan pine, very closely resembles 

 yeUow pine {Pinus Sirobus), except that it has rather a reddish tint 

 instead of the well-known yellow of that wood. The grain is straight, 

 soft, and mild, and the timber would be suitable for all those purposes 

 for which yellow pine is required. It is mentioned in Mr. Gamble's list 

 as one of the woods which are available in fairly large quantities. 



" The annual rings are marked by the denser autumn wood with 

 more compressed trachoids and much smaller lumina. The medullary 

 rays are fine, numerous, rather irregular, causing a silver-grain on a 

 radial section. The resin ducts are scattered, fairly numerous, and 

 prominent in all sections." (Gamble.) 



Pine, Celery Top. Phyllocladus rhomhoidalis , Rich. \\'eight, 40 lbs. 

 (Baterden). Tasmania. 



Tasmanian Timbers describes this wood as " a heavy, strong pine, 

 of a clear yellow colour, useful for boards, internal fittings, or implements. 

 It is xery tough, and the shrinkage is so small that the general belief is 

 that it will not shrink at all. The smaller trees furnish masts for small 

 vessels." 



PixE, Danzig. Pinus sylvestris, Linn. Northern Europe. 



This is generally known abroad as redwood. It is imported in square 

 hewn logs of 8 to 20 inches in width and 10 to 30 feet in length, though 

 these figures may at times be exceeded. It is also received in what are 

 termed " deck deals." The specifications for these require thicknesses 

 of 2 to 4 inches, with an average width of 8| inches and a length of 20 to 

 40 feet. The following is the Admiralty specification for " deck deals " : 



Deck Deals. — The Dantzic deals for decks of 4 inches thick shall be cut 

 8 inches in breadth, and shall be 8 inches clear of sap for the greater part of 

 their length and nowhere less than 7J inches clear of sap, and shall be 26 to 40 

 feet in length, averaging not less than 33 feet. The deals of 3I and 3 inches 

 thick shall be cut 8 inches in breadth and shall be 7I inches clear of sap for 

 the greater part of their length, and nowhere less than 7 inches clear of sap, 

 and shall be 25 to 35 feet in length, averaging not less than 30 feet. The deals 

 of 2 J inches thick shall be cut 7 J inches in breadth, and shall be yh inches 

 clear of sap for the greater part of their length, and nowhere less than 7 inches 



