Y.ELLOW AND ORANGE WILD FLOWERS 



They are gathered into many little separated clusters 

 that in turn are grouped into a broad, open, flat-topped 

 and radiating floral disk or umbel. It is common 

 almost everywhere from New Brunswick to Ontario, 

 South Dakota, Florida, and Texas. 



WILD PARSNIP. MADNEP. TANK 



Pastinaca sativa. Parsley Family. 



The generic name of this common Parsnip is derived 

 from the latin pastus, meaning food, and alludes to the 

 edible qualities of the fleshy roots, which, according 

 to Pliny, were cultivated along the Rhine before the 

 Christian era, and imported by the Roman Emperor, 

 Tiberius, and used as a food. The Wild Parsnip 

 is a tall, widely branching, long and thick-rooted 

 biennial herb, raising its tough, grooved, and usually 

 smooth stalk from two to five feet in height. The 

 alternating, compound, dark green leaf has several 

 pairs of pointed oval or oblong leaflets, which are more 

 or less lobed and cut, and sharply toothed. They 

 are rather thin-textured and smooth-surfaced. The 

 upper leaves clasp the stalk, and the lower ones are long- 

 stemmed. The numerous tiny yellow flowers are 

 gathered in many small clusters that are finally grouped 

 on slender stems in several, large, terminal, flat-topped 

 disks, similar to, but much larger than the Early 

 or Meadow Parsnip. The seeds are thin, flat and 

 shiny, and the stalk is so very tough that it is broken 

 only with great effort, if indeed it is to be broken at 

 all. This Parsnip is very common along roadsides 



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