19 



nicely in the focus. Too much white in the dress should carefully 

 be avoided. 



VIEWS. The points from which buildings or views can be taken 

 with the best advantage, vary so greatly, that the operator must be 

 left pretty much to his own discretion, in choosing a position. As 

 a general rule in taking a building, monuments, etc., it is advisable 

 to place the camera at a distance of about twice its greatest dimen- 

 sions, and, if practicable, at about one-third its height. If the 

 whole of the building or buildings be not in the same plane, select 

 the most important portion to be most clearly defined, or take 

 several views, in each of which certain points are brought out more 

 distinctly. If an old and new building are to be introduced in the 

 same picture, which should, if possible, be avoided, a black screen 

 or handkerchief, or some other opaque body, should be placed over 

 the lens for a moment or two, so as to cut off the rays of light 

 reflected from the brighter portions of the object, the position of 

 which may be previously observed on the ground glass. The same 

 precaution should be taken when the sky is very blue, or strongly 

 illuminated by the sun. The best time tor taking views, is un- 

 doubtedly the earlier part of the day, though good pictures are 

 often taken in the afternoon. The time required to obtain a good 

 impression, varies so much according to the lens, the weather, the 

 hour, etc., that no certain rules can be given on the subject, 

 experience will prove the best guide 



ENGRAVINGS, DRAWINGS, etc. may be copied very beautifully 

 with a little care ; the whole of the model being in the same 

 plane, there is little difficulty in producing a good effect. The 

 object to be copied must be placed in a good light, taking care to 

 have every part equally illuminated. To secure sharpness, the 

 model is placed in the open daylight, in which case a proof may 

 generally be procured in about fifteen seconds ; in the full sun- 

 shine, the impression is made almost instantaneously. 



MACHINERY, STATUARY, AND ARTICLES OF VERTU, require to 

 be arranged in suitable positions, so that the light may fall upon 

 the object most effectively. The light may be reflected from 

 mirrors, white linen, etc. etc. 





B* 



