58 BEEBERIDACEAE. 



Winter-characters of Berberis Thunbergii or B. vulgaris 

 are given by Bosemann, 48; Fant, 26, f. 24; Schneider, f. 80; 

 Shirasawa, 49, pi. 5; Ward, 1:200, f. 101; and Willkomm, 45, 

 f. 76. 



1. More or less evergreen: twigs brownish or purplish. 2. 

 Promptly deciduous. 6. 



2. Twigs pubescent. 3. 

 Twigs glabrous. 4. 



3. Leaves broad (10-20 mm.), toothed: twigs puberulent. 



(1). B. concinna. 

 Leaves narrow (2-4 mm.), entire: twigs velvety. 



(2). B. stenophylla. 



4. Leaves very narrow (2 mm.), entire, revolute. 



B. empetrifolia. 

 Leaves broader. 5. 



5. Twigs angled, not roughened. B. buxifolia. 

 Twigs not angled, granular. B. verruculosa. 



6. Twigs glabrous. 7. 

 Twigs pubescent. 13. 



7. Twigs finely very warty, slightly angled. B. canadensis. 

 Twigs not or scarcely roughened. 8. 



8. Spine-branches mostly 5-7, often dichotomous. 



(3). B. Fendleri. 

 Spine-branches 1 or mostly 3, simple. 9. 



9. Spines long (20-40 mm.), terete. (4). B. Julianae. 

 Spines shorter (15 mm.), grooved or dilated. 10. 



10. Twigs gray or buff. (Barberry). (5). B. vulgaris. 

 Twigs red or orange, or brown or purple. 11. 



11. Twigs somewhat glaucous. B. koreana. 

 Twigs not glaucous. 12. 



12. Compact and low-spreading. (6). B. Thunbergii. 

 Bushy and rather tall. B. Sieboldii. 



13. Twigs reddish, very minutely puberlent. B. aggregata. 

 Twigs buff or gray, dingy-velvety. B. brachypoda. 



