AQUIFOLIACEAE. 



191 



ILEX. Holly. 

 (Family Aquifoliaceae). 



Shrubs or trees: evergreen or 

 deciduous. Twigs usually 3- or 

 5-sided, rather slender, often de- 

 veloped as spurs with densely 

 crowded leaf-scars: pith small, 

 roundish or angled, continuous. 

 Buds small, commonly superposed, 

 sessile, with 2 or mostly 4 or 6 

 exposed scales. Leaf-scars alter- 

 nate, clustered above, crescent- 

 shaped, more or less raised: bun- 

 dle-trace 1: stipule-scars minute 

 or the minute pointed stipules 

 persistent at the angles of the 

 leaf-scars. Leaves, when persist- 

 ent, coriaceous and sometimes 

 very pungently toothed. Fruit a 

 berry-like drupe with several nut- 

 lets. 



Winter-character references: 

 Ilex Aquifolium. Blakeslee & 



Jarvis, 530; Bosemann, 34; Fant, 48; Ward, 1:144, f. 66. 7. 

 decidua. Hitchcock (1), 5. I. geniculata. Shirasawa, 236, 

 pi. 2. /. macropoda. Shirasawa, 265, pi. 9. I. opaca. Blakes- 

 lee & Jarvis, 329, 530, pi. I. SieboUii. Shirasawa, 235, pi. 2. 

 I. verticillata. Brendel, pi. 3; Schneider, f. 116. 



The dots or cork-warts which characteristically mark the 

 lower leaf-surface of certain species are figured in section by 

 Solereder in his Systematic Anatomy of the Dicotylendons, 

 1:210, f. 50. 



As Sir John Lubbock points out in his studies of buds 

 and stipules, Ilex possesses small stipules. Though they are 

 often so minute as to escape attention unless very carefully 



