AQUIFOLIACEAE. 193 



7. Branches spreading. 8. 



Branches upright. I. verticillata fastigiata. 



8. Fruit bright red. (Black alder). (5). I. verticillata. 

 Fruit yellow. I. verticillata chrysocarpa. 



9. Fruit orange-red. (Smooth winterberry). (6). I. laevigata. 

 Fruit yellow. I. laevigata Herveyi. 



10. Leaves dotted beneath. 11. 

 Leaves not dotted. 13. 



11. Leaves small (5X15 mm.), low-serrate. (7). I. crenata. 

 Leaves larger (15X30 mm. or more). 12. 



12. Leaves entire or sharply low-serrate: dots black. 



(8). I. lucida. 

 Leaves crenately few-toothed above: dots pale. 



(Inkberry). (9). I. glabra. 



13. Leaves small (scarcely 10X20 mm.). 14. 

 Leaves much larger. 15. 



14. Leaves blunt, crenate or low-serrulate. 



(Cassena). (10). I. vomitoria. 

 Leaves pointed, entire or serrate. 



(11). I. Cassine myrtifolia. 



15. Leaves ovate: petioles long (8-10 mm.). 



(12). I. pedunculosa. 

 Leaves not ovate: petioles short (5-8 mm.). 16. 



16. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate-obovate : teeth 



if any small. 17. 

 Leaves elliptical or quadrate, often very pungent. 18. 



17. Leaves oblanceolate-obovate, large. (Dahoon). I. Cassine. 

 Leaves oblong, scarcely 15 mm. wide. 



I. Cassine angustifolia. 



18. Leaves dull. (American holly). 19. 

 Leaves very glossy above. 20. 



19. Fruit red. I. opaca. 

 Fruit yellow. I. opaca xanthocarpa. 



20. Leaves elliptical. (European holly). I. Aquifolium. 

 Leaves quadrate with large teeth at the angles. I. cornuta. 



