GLOSSARY 369 



early in the season (linden), or killed in winter (bram- 

 ble). 



Endogenous. Inside-growing. Applied formerly to stems of 

 Monocotyledoneae, which have the wood in fibers scat- 

 tered through the stem. 



Entire. Neither toothed nor lobed, as applied to leaves. 



Epidermis. The outer layer of cells covering a leaf or a 

 young twig; often detached from the latter as a thin 

 gray pellicle. 



Epiphyte. A plant growing on another without being a para- 

 site (conservatory orchids), or on a rock or tree-trunk 

 (mosses, lichens). Contrasted usually with plants rooted 

 in the soil; sometimes with parasites. 



Epitrophic. More nourished and developed on the upper side 

 (horizontal branches of linden). 



Erect. Contrasted with spreading, appressed, prostrate, etc. 



Evanescent. Quickly disappearing. 



Evergreen. Holding or constituting green foliage through 

 the winter. 



Excavated. Hollowed out, as applied to pith, making the 

 stem fistulous. 



Exfoliating. Peeling away (bark of canoe birch). 



Exogenous. Outside growing. Applied formerly to the stems 

 of Dicotyledoneae and Gymnospermae, which have the 

 wood in a zone between pith and bark and add to it by 

 annual growth. 



Extra-axillary or supra-axillary. Above rather than in the 

 axil. 



Falcate. Sickle-shaped (leaves of mature blue gum). 



Fascicled. Clustered, like leaves on a spur of barberry. 



Fastigiate. With upright branches (Lombardy poplar). 



Fibrous-flaking. Flaking in narrow shreds (bark of osage 

 orange). 



Filiform. Thread-like and slender (chiogenes stem). 



Fimbriate. Fringed: perhaps more properly with a torn 

 membrane. 



