GLOSSARY 373 



Keel. A ridge on the back of a leaf or bud-scale. 



Knees. Pointed or dome-like outgrowths from cypress roots, 

 rising above the water. 



Lacunae. See Foliar-gaps. 



Lanceolate. Shaped like a lance-head, as applied to leaves. 



Lateral. Applied to all but the truly terminal bud. 



Leaf. The foliage appendages of the stem, though not al- 

 ways serving as foliage: sometimes metamorphosed into 

 a spine (barberry) or tendril (clematis) or reduced to a 

 scale (tamarisk). Leaves originate at and mark the 

 nodes or joints of the stem. Buds normally occur in the 

 angles or axils above leaves and are correspondingly alter- 

 nate, opposite or whorled on the stem. 



Leaf-axis. The same as rachis. 



Leaf-cushion. A raised base on which the leaf-scar sometimes 

 appears. 



Leaf-scars. Scars from which leaves have fallen. They usu- 

 ally occur characteristically either singly (alternate) or 

 paired (opposite) or in groups of more than 2 (whorled) 

 at each node. Leaf-scars differ greatly in size and shape, 

 and offer some of the best winter-characters. The points 

 where woody strands passed up into the leaf are usually 

 evident, and are called bundle-traces. Typical leaf-scars 

 are essentially at the level of the stem; but they are 

 raised on a pronounced base or leaf-cushion in some cases, 

 or the buds are covered by an articular membrane in 

 others. 



Leaf-spine. A spine metamorphosed from a leaf. 



Leaflet. One of the divisions of a compound leaf. 



Legume. A pod: characteristic fruit of the pea family. 



Lenticels. Wart-like prominences breaking through the bark 

 of most young twigs (elder, cherry). 



Lignified. Woody, in contrast with herbaceous. 



Linear. Long and narrow (leaves) ; nearly straight (leaf- 

 scars). 



