380 GLOSSARY 



Sheathing. Forming a (frequently tubular) sheath (sea 

 grape stipules). 



Shield-shaped. Of the conventional shield-form (leaf scar of 

 cyrilla) : peltate (scale-chaff of oleaster). 



Shredding. Falling away in shreds (bark of grape). 



Shrub. A woody plant not becoming a tree: usually the 

 equivalent of the colloquial word bush, which also ex- 

 cludes climbers. 



Silky. With soft appressed hairs. 



Simple. Not compound, of one part (ivy leaf; maple bundle- 

 traces). 



Sinuate. With wavy margin, as applied to leaves. 



Smooth. Not roughened, not warty: wrongly used for gla- 

 brous. 



Soft-wooded. Suffruticose, not fully lignified, as here used. 



Spatulate. Oblong with the upper part rather abruptly 

 widened. 



Spermatophytes. Seed-plants: flowering plants. 



Spine. A specialized pungent form of the leaf (barberry) or 

 its stipules (locust) or rachis (pea-tree) ; or of a twig 

 (hawthorn). Contrasted with prickle. 



Spinescent. Turning into spines. 



Spirally arranged. Leaves or their equivalent that are 

 neither opposite nor whorled and not 2-ranked. 



Spongy. Porous, suggesting a sponge, as applied to pith. 



Spreading. Not closely appressed to the twig (buds) or the 

 surface (hairs) ; horizontal as applied to branches. 



Spur. A dwarf-branch, as applied to twigs (larch, birch), 

 often bearing the flower-buds (pear). 



Stalked. Elongated perceptibly below the lowest scales, as 

 applied to buds (alder). 



Staminate. Producing stamens or pollen-organs, but not pis- 

 til (tassel of corn, "male" cottonwood). 



