GLOSSARY 381 



Standard. In horticulture, a small tree commonly produced 

 by grafting a weeping or dwarf form on a trunk of the 

 desired height. 



Star-shaped or stellate. With several arms radiating from a 

 center (hairs of deutzia; pith of oak in cross section). 



Staring. Widely spreading, as applied to hairs, etc. 



Stellate-scurfy. Scurfy with star-shaped hairs or scales. 



Stem. The trunk and its branches: one of the three funda- 

 mental parts of a higher plant, root, stem and leaf. 



Sterigmata. The raised bases from which some small leaves 

 fall (spruce). 



Stipular. Pertaining to or derived from stipules. 



Stipulate. Provided with stipules. 



Stipule-scars. Scars from which stipules have fallen; some- 

 times forming a ring around the twig (magnolia), or 

 very unequal (elm) ; usually small. 



Stipule-spines. Spines metamorphosed from stipules. 



Stipules. Small basal outgrowths of a leaf; sometimes serv- 

 ing as bud scales (beech), or spines (locust); usually 

 otherwise represented by scars, if at all, in winter. The 

 relation of stipules to the nodal anatomy of plants is 

 considered by Sinnott and Bailey in The American Jour- 

 nal of Botany for November 1914. 



Stolon. A stem that arches over and roots at the tip (black- 

 cap). 



Stoloniferous. Producing stolons. 



Stomata. The "breathing-pores" of a leaf. 



Stone. The hard inner part of a drupe or stonefruit 

 (cherry). 



Stratified. In horizontal layers (foliage of red haw and 

 tupelo). 



Striate. Striped, usually by alternating ridges and grooves. 



Sub-. Often used as a prefix in the sense of nearly: sub- 

 acute, subsessile, etc. 



