

THE HUMAN STRUCTURE 89 



THE HUMAN SKELETON. 



i. THE HE At>. 



Cranium. One frontal bone, two. parietal, two temporal, one 

 occipital, behind (not visible in the picture) and "two bones 

 (sphenoid and ethmoid) forming the base, the vault of the 

 cranium. 



Face. Two malar bones, two superior maxillaries, and one 

 inferior maxillary : two nasal, two lachyrmatory ; the os vomer, 

 and the hyoid bone (which supports the larynx) are not 

 visible in the illustration. 



ii. THE TRUNK. 



Vertebral Column. Thirty-three vertebrae, (seven cervical 

 (neck), twelve dorsal, five lumbar, five sacral, and three or four 

 coccygeal). The bones of the sacrum and coccyx in the adult 

 are usually united. 



Sternum. A flat bone. 



Ribs. Twelve pairs, seven " true " ribs joined direct to the 

 sternum ; five " false " ribs joined by one cartilage. 



iii. LIMBS. 

 A. Upper Limbs. 



Shoulder. Scapula, clavicle, the acromion is attached to the 

 scapula and joined to the clavicle. 



Arm. Humerus, whose lower end has two articulating sur- 

 faces and a large fossa for the reception of the olecranon. 



Forearm. Ulna, with the olecranon process-radius, with which 

 the bones of the hand articulate. 



Hand. Eight bones of the carpus, five of the metacarpus, 

 three phalanges to each finger, but two to the thumb. 



B. Lower Limbs. 



fjip. Pelvis bone, comprising three parts (ilium, ischium, 

 pubis) connected. 



Thigh. Femur, and a free bone : the patella. 



Calf. Tibia., fibula. 



Foot. Seven bones in the tarsus of which the calcaneum 

 (heel) and the astragalus are jointed to the tibia ; five bones in 

 the metatarsus ; three phalanges per toe, except the big toe, 

 which has two. 



The table above and the fig. 96 give a general view of the parts 

 of the skeleton and their names. 



