146 THE HUMAN MOTOR 



4. Finally that, to burn, 1 gramme of glucose needs 

 grammes of oxygen, which is : 



192 

 180 X 1429 = = 0-746 litres of oxygen. 



Consider Glycpgin, CJ& W O 6 , another carbo-hydrate, always 

 present in the muscles, and of which the liver is a constant 

 source (see 107). Its equation of combustion is : 



CH 10 5 + G0 2 = 6 CO, + 5H 2 + 684-% Cal. 



162gr. 192 gr. 



This gives 3-56 Cal. per gramme of oxygen or 5-08 Cal. per litre, 

 and 4-22 Cal. per gramme of burnt gfycogin. The respiratory 

 quotient is again 1, as for all carbo-hydrates ( J ). 



The equation of combustion for a fat, Olein, C 57 H 104 O 6 . is : 

 C 57 H 104 6 + 80 2 = 57C0 2 -f 52H 2 O + 8,423 Cal. 



884 gr. 2,560 gr. 



57 



Hence the respiratory quotient is = 0-712, much less than 



8 423 

 unity; and the calorific energy is -^- = 9-52 Cal. per gramme 



of material, or : 



Q 4.OO 



|^ X 1-429 = 4-70 Calories 

 ^,ouU 



per litre of oxygen, measured at 0C and 760 millimetres. 



The equation for the proteids, of which the chemical type is 

 the albumin of Lieberkhiin C 72 H 112 N 18 O 22 S is 

 C 72 H 112 N 18 O 22 S + 770 2 = 9CON 2 H 4 + 63CO 2 + 37H 2 O + SO 4 H 2 , 



and 5-691 Cal. per gramme of albumin will be developed, from 

 which must be deducted 0-845 Cal., dissipated in the urea formed, 

 or an energetic production of 4*846 Cal. per gramme of the sub- 

 stance, and 4-53 Cal. per litre of oxygen consumed. The 

 respiratory quotient will be : 



^ = * = 0.818. 



(J 2 t i 



All these theoretical values the heat of combustion alone being 

 experimental give the following values : 



(!) Glycogin is elaborated in the liver, which is traversed, before mingling 

 with the circulation, by the liquid (chyle) extracted from the elements by 

 the digestive process ; the chyliferic vessels go directly to the circulation, 

 but the " portal vein " which has branches around the intestines, carries 

 the salts, sugars, and soluble albumins to the storehouse of the liver, to 

 await their final utilisation.) 



