158 THE HUMAN MOTOR 



they are transformed into equal weights of glucose, that is, if 

 they are " isoglucosic." The doctrine of " isoglucosics " supple- 

 ments that of " isodynamics." 



The equations of transformation are not absolutely proved. 



1. A fat, a Stearin, C 57 H 110 O 6 , gives : 



2C 57 H 110 6 + 670 2 - 16C 6 H 12 6 + 18CO 2 + 14H 2 O, 



TrSOgrT ^880^ 



or 1 gramme of glucose per 0-618 gr. of fat and the ratio 



2u s !i- .27 



2 67 



This shows that the fixation of oxygen in the course of this 

 metamorphosis must lower the respiratory quotient. In fact, 

 this lowering is observed both during violent exercise f 1 ) and 

 during sleep, an apparent period of glucose elaboration. 



2. Take albumin. 



2C 72 H 112 N 1S SO 22 + 540 2 + 8H 2 O. 



3,224 gr. 

 - 18CON 2 H 4 + 14C 6 H 12 O 6 + 42CO 2 + 2S. 



urea 2,520 gr. 



That is, 1 gramme of glucose for 1 -28 grms of proteids ; the 



CO 



ratio 0-77 shows a reduction of the respiratory quotient, 

 U 2 



which, normally, would be 0-82. This reduction takes place in 

 the case of a ration rich in proteids, but insufficient for the work 

 to be performed. 



Finally, glycogen, starch, gives 



" 



162 gr. sgr 



that is, 1 gramme of glucose is formed from 0-9 grms. of the 

 glycogen, without variation of the respiratory quotient. 



107. Isodynamics and Isoglucosics. The equations of com- 

 bustion and transformation permit the comparison of the ener- 

 getic equivalents of aliments with regard to these two theories. 

 By taking the gramme of glucose as unity, that is to sa}', 3-762 

 cal. ( 101), we obtain the following results : 



( J ) Atwater and Benedict (/. c., p. 168 and 173). These authors appear 

 to have adopted the theory of glucose transformations, (p. 173), but 

 tentatively and with a much less clear idea of their reality than Chauveau 

 (CompUs 'Rendus Acad. Sciences, 1897). 



