MEASUREMENTS 309 



Sthdayofwork 80-200 kg. 



6th 80-200 



7th 80-200 



8th 80-280 



9th 80-300 



The reading for the seventh day is used, but frequently con- 

 stancy of weight is attained on the third day.f 1 ) 



The living rations are estimated in great calories. 



The preceding conditions are applicable to laboratory re- 

 searches. Ordinarily a man's labour is not constant and the 

 energetic estimations are no longer correct. 



As a rule, therefore, inquiries are made as to the average rations 

 of workpeople of different ages, occupations, and sexes. The 

 Solway Institute ( 2 ) organised its inquiries as follows : Through 

 the medium of trustworthy people, inquiries were made in the 

 homes of workpeople who were neither very poor or in easy 

 circumstances. The household was considered to be all those 

 who normally had their meals together. The information usually 

 related to a period of fifteen days, some being furnished by the 

 note book of the observer, and others by the household consump- 

 tion book kept regularly by the house-wife. When the inquiry 

 was finished, the quantities of proteids, fats, and carbo-hydrates 

 and the corresponding energetic values were determined from 

 tables ( 98). Finally, to take into account the age and the sex, 

 Atwater's co-efficients were employed ( 3 ) : 



The consumption of an adult man being 1 -00 



That of a woman will be 0-80 



Boy of 14-16 years 0-80 



Girl of 14-16 years 0-70 



Child of 10 to 13 0-60 



6 to 9 0-50 



2 to 5 0-40 



below 2 years 0-30 



We can thus estimate the average energetic expenditure of a 

 man in a known occupation. This method obviously lacks 

 exactitude. 



(B) Oxygen Method. This method is both more convenient 

 and more accurate than the other. In fact, it allows the measure- 

 ment of the energetic expenditure of subjects with a free diet, and, 

 if required for short periods of a few minutes only. 



(!) Jules Amar., Le Rendement (loc. cit.; pp. 45-6). 



( 2 ) Slosse and Waxweiler : Enquete sur le Regime Aliwentaire, part 9 ; 

 Bruxelles, 1910^ p. 14). 



( 3 ) Atwater (Bulletin, No. 142, p. 33, 1903). Engel gave the same co- 

 efficients (Bulletin, Soc. Internat. Statist., vol. ix., p. 5, 1895). 



