452 THE HUMAN MOTOR 



In the case of a man eating his usual food, and at rest, the 

 writer ( l ) found that the equivalent value of the alimentary 

 ration \vas 1-57 Calories per kilogramme per hour. Gautier ( 2 ) 

 gives the value as 1-6 C. Him gives 1-53 C., while the American 

 experimenters obtained (in an environment of 20 C. in tempera- 

 ture) 1 -32 C. The average seems to be about 1 -5 C. under ordinary 

 conditions. 



The gross dynamic expenditure includes the expenditure 

 caused by the work done which varies with different subjects. 

 Inquiries have therefore been made as to the consumption of 

 foods by families in various countries. To enable comparisons 

 to be made certain co-efficients have been arrived at in accordance 

 with the following table ( 3 ) : 



Man ...1-00 Child of 10 tc 13 0-60 Child of 2 years and 

 Woman ... 0-80 6 to 9 0-50 under -30 



Boy or girl 

 (14 to 16) 0-75 2 to 5 0-40 



The consumption of a family composed of husband, wife, and a 

 boy of 15 years would be 



1 + 0-80 + 0-75 = 2-55 times that of the man alone. 



Ch. Richet, as the result of certain investigations on the food 

 consumed by families in Paris, arrived at the conclusion that the 

 average ration per adult for 24 hours had a value of 3,262 Calories 

 having the following percentage composition by weight : 



Proteids 17-5% 



Fats 11-5% 



L Carbo-hydrates ,. 71- % 



Gautier 's results agree with the above as far as the composition 

 of the food is concerned. He obtained, however, a lower and 

 probably more correct value of 2,568 Calories. This gives : 



2 568 

 ' = 1-65C. per kilogram-hour. 



Approximately equal values were obtained by Lapicque ( 4 ) 

 (on Abyssinians and Malays, 1-6C), Mori ( 5 ) and Tahara ( 6 ), whose 

 results, with Japanese subjects averaged 1-65 C. The rations 

 investigated by the last three authorities consisted chiefly of" rice 

 and vegetables. The difference between 1-65 C. and 1-5 C. i.e. -15 C. 

 represents the dynamic expenditure per kilogram -hour in ordinary 



( l ) Jules Amar, Le Rendement de la Machine Humaine, pp. 57 and 72. 



( 8 ) Armand Gautier, L' Alimentation et les Regimes, 3rd edition, 1908. 



() Engel (Bull. Inst. Internal, de Stat., vol. ix., p. 5, 1895) ; Atwater 

 (Annual Report of the Office of Exper. Stations, 1903, p. 33). 



() L. Lapicque (Comptes Rendus Biol., 1893, pp. 251-8 ; Archives de 

 Physiol., 1894). 



( 6 ) Mori (Arch.f. Hygiene, vol. v., p. 333, 1886). 



() Tahara (Bull. Inspect. Sanit. Labor, Tokio, No. 2, 1887). 



