ELEMENTARY PHYSIOLOGY 



tibia forms, with the femur, the hinge knee-joint which corre- 

 sponds with the similar ioint of the elbow. 



The knee-joint is protected by a small bone, the patella (Lat. 

 a little plate), called also the knee-cap and the knee-pan. 



The bones of the foot consist of the tarsal or ankle-bones, the 

 metatarsal or instep-bones, and the phalanges of the toes. The 

 tarsal bones are seven in number. One of them is much larger 

 than the others, and, projecting backward, forms the heel. The 

 metatarsal bones are similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand. 

 They are five in number, and are connected with the phalanges 

 of the toes. The number of bones in the toes is the same as in 

 the fingers and thumb, the great toe representing the thumb. 



The foot is arched in form, and is prevented from falling flat 

 by powerful ligaments. This arched form gives great strength 

 combined with elasticity. 



Shoulder-girdle 



SUMMARY. 



Clavicle or Collar- 

 bone 



Scapula or Shoulder- 

 blade 



Upper arm . Humerus . . . 



Forearm 



rUlna , . 



lEadius . . . 



Wrist or Carpus 8 Carpal bones . , 



Hand ... 5 Metacarpal bones 

 Fingers . . 14 Phalanges . . . 



articulates with sternum and 

 scapula. 



Blade. 



Spine. 



Glenoid cavity articulates 

 with upper rounded head 

 ofhumerus, forminga ball- 

 and-socket joint. 



Process articulates with 

 clavicle. 



Upper head articulates with 

 glenoid cavity. 



Shaft. 



Lower head articulates with 

 radius and ulna, forming a 

 hinge joint. 



Upper head large articu- 

 lates with the humerus. 



Shaft. 



Lower head small. 



Upper head small bound to 

 the ulna by a circular liga- 

 ment. 



Shaft. 



Lower head large articu- 

 lates with the carpus. 



Slight gliding movement, 

 rendering the wrist flex- 

 ible. 



Connecting the ringers and 

 thumb with the wrist. 



2 in the thumb. 



3 in each ringer. 



