230 ELEMENTARY PHYSIOLOGY 



SYLLABUS 

 Board of Education Science and Art Examinations 



SUBJECT XIV. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 

 Compulsory Questions may be set at the Examination 



STAGE I 



Questions will be confined to the under-mentioned points in the elements 

 of Anatomy and Physiology. 



Candidates are expected to have seen the corpuscles of the blood and the 

 fat globules of milk under a microscope magnifying about three or four hundred 

 diameters. Other details of structure needing the use of a microscope will not 

 be asked for. 



No candidate will be allowed to pass who in the answers makes gross errors 

 concerning the general build of the body and the relations of its several parts, 

 the structure and working of the heart and the main facts of the circulation, 

 the mechanical and chemical changes of respiration, the chemical nature of 

 food, its changes in the alimentary canal, and its use in the body. 



A. THE GENERAL BUILD OF THE BODY. 



The form and relative positions of the following parts of the skeleton : 

 Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum ; scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, 

 carpus, metacarpus, phalanges (of the hand) ; pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, 

 tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges (of the foot). 



The position in the body, and the general form of the following internal 

 organs : The brain and spinal cord ; the pharynx, gullet, stomach, and 

 intestines ; the salivary glands, the liver, and the pancreas ; the posterior 

 nares, the larynx, trachea, and lungs ; the diaphragm ; the kidneys and the 

 bladder ; the heart and the great vessels. 



B. THE BLOOD AND ITS CIRCULATION. 



The form and general structure of the corpuscles of the blood. 



The general composition of the blood. 



The obvious appearances presented by blood when it clots. 



The general structure of the mammalian heart ; the form and arrangement 

 of its chambers ; the nature of its walls ; the form and position of its valves. 



The action of the heart in propelling the blood. 



The general differences between arteries, capillaries, and veins. 



The course of the circulation and the reason why the blood moves in only 

 one direction. 



The general character of the blood-flow in arteries, capillaries, and veins. 



The evidence of the circulation obtainable in the living body. 



C. FOOD AND ITS DIGESTION. 



The arrangement of the alimentary canal. The chief food-stuffs and the 

 chemical elements they contain. Examples of the occurrence of proteid, 

 gelatine, starch, sugar, and fat in articles of food. The form in which 

 nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon enter and leave the body. The organs by 

 which substances are excreted from the body. 



The changes produced in food by mastication and by the action of saliva. 

 The chief changes produced in food by digestion in the stomach and in the 



