SYLLABUS 231 



small intestine. The action of the pancreatic secretion. The purpose of the 

 digestive changes. 



D. THE ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIGESTED PRODUCTS. 



The general form and function of villi. The chief differences between 

 lymph and blood. The nature of chyle. The discrimination between the 

 substances absorbed by the intestinal lymphatics and those absorbed into 

 the intestinal blood. The character and use of the portal circulation. The 

 position, general structure, and blood supply of the liver. 



The more obvious characters and properties of bile. 



E. RESPIRATION. 



The structures composing the framework of the thorax. The manner 

 in which the walls and floor of the chest change their position during the 

 respiratory movements, and the muscles which alter the size of the thorax. 



Why air enters and leaves the chest during inspiration and expiration 

 respectively. 



In what respects the air which leaves the lungs differs from that which 

 enters them. The necessity for oxygen being inspired and carbonic acid 

 being expired. 



The obvious differences between venous and arterial blood. Where and 

 how venous blood is converted into arterial, and arterial into venous blood in the 

 body. How venous blood can be converted into arterial blood out of the body. 



F. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM, ANIMAL MECHANICS AND ANIMAL HEAT. 



The structural differences between muscle and tendon, and the functions of 

 these two forms of tissue. The movements of a limb as examples of the results 

 produced by muscular action. The meaning of the terms " origin " and " inser- 

 tion " as applied to a muscle. The meaning of the terms extensors, flexors, 

 abductors, and adductors as applied to the groups of muscles moving a limb. 



The nature of joints, with examples of ball-and-socket, saddle, hinge, and 

 pivot joints. The different kinds of levers, with examples of them in the body. 



The effect of muscular exertion upon the expiratory output of carbonic acid. 

 The chief source of heat production in the body. 



The mean temperature of the body in man, and the chief agents which keep 

 it uniform. The general structure and functions of the skin. 



G. THE SENSES. 



The different kinds of sensations. 



The general structural arrangements of the eye-ball. Such characters of 

 the cornea, sclerotic, choroid, iris, aqueous and vitreous humours, crystalline 

 lens and retina, as can be observed by ordinary dissection. 



The parts of the eye-ball traversed by rays of light, and the alteration thus 

 produced in the direction of the rays. 



The blind spot, and what it teaches. 



The essential facts as to the structural arrangements of the ear so far as they 

 are required to explain how sound-waves are conveyed to the nerves of hearing. 



H. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



The distinction between motor and sensory nerves as regards the parts they 

 go to, and the results produced by nervous impulses passing along them. 

 The structure of the spinal cord so far as it is visible to the naked eye. 

 The structures concerned in simple reflex movements of a limb. 

 The evidence that the spinal cord is capable of effecting reflex action. 



