232 ELEMENTARY PHYSIOLOGY 



The general phenomena presented by the brainless frog. The effect upo? 

 the mammal of destroying the medulla oblongata. The distinction between 

 general and local death. 



PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATIONS. 



Candidates are expected to be able to describe in the written examination 

 the chief facts brought out by the following experiments or observations. The 

 experiment should be either demonstrated by the teacher or carried out by the 

 pupil in connexion with those lectures which deal with the branches of the 

 subject mentioned below. 



(i) BLOOD AND THE CIRCULATION. 



The microscopic appearance of human blood. 



The appearance of defibrinated (whipped) blood and of the fibrin which 

 has been got from the blood by stirring. 



The characters observed when blood has clotted, and when having been 

 kept the clot has shrunk. 



The colour of fresh blood or a recent blood clot and that of blood when it 

 has been kept. 



The difference in colour between the surface and the interior of a blood clot. 



The place where the radial pulse is felt ; the number of pulsations per 

 minute of the radial pulse, and the effect upon this number of muscular exertion. 



(2) FOOD AND ITS DIGESTION. 



The microscopic appearance of a drop of dilute milk. The appearance 

 and smell of a proteid, a sugar and a little fat when heated to dryness so as to 

 burn. The changes produced by similarly heating milk. The action of iodine 

 on starch, on flour, and on a slice of bread. 



The action of saliva in altering a weak solution of starch, the alteration 

 being disclosed by the iodine test ; the favourable influence of warmth, such 

 as that of the body, in promoting this alteration ; the impossibility of pro- 

 ducing the alteration when the saliva has been previously boiled. 



The appearance presented when a solution of white of egg is boiled. The 

 efiect of treating coagulated white of egg with 0*3 per cent, hydrochloric acid 

 and Benger's liquor pepticus (artificial gastric juice). The effect of boiling the 

 liquor pepiicus before use. 



(3) RESPIRATION. 



The number of respirations per minute when the body is tranquil and when 

 there has been muscular exertion. The result of breathing into lime water. 



(4) MUSCULAR SYSTEM, ETC. 



The shape of the various bones and the movements permitted by the articu- 

 lations of the limb bones as demonstrated on articulated parts of a skeleton. 

 The shape and flexibility of the decalcified long bone of any animal. 



The temperature of water when warmed to blood heat as determined by 

 both a Fahrenheit and a Centigrade thermometer. The temperature of the 

 body as determined by a clinical thermometer placed in the mouth. 



(0 VISION. 



The formation of a real image by a convex lens. The method for demon- 

 stratingf the existence of the blind s^ot. 



