EXAMINATION PAPERS 235 



11. What is the pupil of the eye? How can you make the pupil of your 

 own eye larger or smaller ? How is this change in its size produced, and what 

 is the use of it ? (10) 



12. What is the spinal bulb (medulla oblongata), and what is its shape and 

 appearance ? With what other structures is it connected at its upper and 

 lower ends? What are the most important uses of the spinal bulb? (10) 



1901. 



1 . To what substance is the characteristic red colour of blood due ? 

 Mention any peculiarities of this substance which are of physiological import- 

 ance. (10) 



2. Describe the course taken by the blood in its flow through the mamma- 

 lian heart and those blood-vessels which are immediately connected with this 

 organ. (10) 



3. What substances of nutritive importance are contained in the following 

 articles of food : milk, bread, flesh, and eggs ? State in each case the par- 

 ticular class of compound to which each substance you name belongs. (15) 



4. Enumerate those portions of the alimentary canal which are distinguished 

 by special names, commencing your enumeration at the mouth ; and give a 

 general account of the structures composing the wall of any one portion of 

 this digestive tract. (10) 



5. By what mechanism is the shape of the human thorax altered so as to 

 produce inspiration and expiration respectively? (15) 



6. Give two examples of each of the following structures : hinge-joints, 



pivot-joints, flexor muscles of some hinge-joint, extensor muscles of some 

 hinge-joint. ( 10) 



7. Describe in general terms the relative position and general nature of 

 the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, illustrating your answer by an appropriate 

 drawing. What is the chief nitrogenous constituent of urine? (10) 



8. What is the normal temperature of man as measured under the arm by 

 both a Fahrenheit and a Centigrade thermometer ? Describe in general terms 

 where the heat is produced, how it is distributed to different parts, and where 

 it leaves the body. (10) 



9. What do you know as to the position, general structure, and functions 

 of the following : the spleen ; the parotid gland ; the epiglottis ? (10) 



10. Describe the position and function of the pancreas. (10) 



11. Draw a diagram to illustrate the relative positions of the contents of 

 the eyeball. What happens to (a) the pupil, (b) the lens, when the visual gaze 

 shifts from a distant to a near object ? (15) 



12. A brainless frog will move its hind limb when the toe of the limb is 

 touched. What various structures are involved in this movement, and why is 

 it termed a purposive reflex ? (15) 



EVENING EXAMINATION PAPER, 1902. 



1. What is the general composition of blood? How does lymph differ 

 from blood and chyle from lymph? (12) 



2. What structures are displayed in the sheep's heart when this organ is 

 cut across just below the auriculo-ventricular groove ? Illustrate your answer 

 by appropriate drawings, and state in what respects the two ventricular cavities 

 differ in appearance. What are the nature and functions of the tissues com- 

 posing the ventricular wall ? (13) 



3. Enumerate the chemical elements which are present in each of the 

 following food principles : albumin, gelatine, starch, fat. In what combina- 



