238 ELEMENTARY PHYSIOLOGY 



DAY EXAMINATION PAPER, 1903, 



1. Give a short account of the general composition ot blood. What 

 nitrogenous substances does blood contain? (13) 



2. Enumerate the chemical elements in each of the following class of food- 

 stuffs : proteid, carbohydrate, fat. Give some examples of compounds present 

 in ordinary articles of food which belong to the above classes. (12) 



3. Describe the position, form, general structure and function of the 

 stomach. (12) 



4. Describe the means by which the air in the lungs is renewed, and state 

 why this renewal causes an alteration in the character of the blood. (13) 



5. Describe in general terms the nature of arteries, capillaries, and veins, 

 stating their relation to each other and the character of the flow of blood 

 through them. (13) 



6. What is the normal temperature of the body ? Why does our tempera- 

 ture remain unaltered whether the surrounding air is cold or warm ? (12) 



7. Give a short account of the position, structure, and function of each of 

 the following : (a) villi, (b) the portal vein, (c) the mitral valve. (12) 



8. Describe with an illustrative drawing the arrangement of the bones of 

 the upper limb. What is the character of the joints formed by the bony 

 articulations ? (12) 



9. Make a drawing of the eyeball to show (a) the position of the lens, (b) 

 the position of the blind spot. How can the existence of the latter be ascer- 

 tained, and what does it teach us ? (12) 



10. What do you understand by the term "reflex " ? Give some examples 

 of reflex movements occurring in your own body. (13) 



EVENING EXAMINATION PAPER, 1904. 



1. State the general composition of the blood. What is lymph, and how 

 does it differ from blood ? (12) 



2. Describe the general character, position, and use of the various valves 

 of the heart, illustrating your answer by drawings. (12) 



3. What does milk look like under the microscope ? What substances 

 give milk its importance as a food, and what chemical elements do these 

 substances contain ? (12) 



4. Describe with the aid of an illustrative drawing the arrangement of the 

 various parts of the intestinal portion of the alimentary canal. What is the 

 nature of the digestive processes which are carried out in the intestine? (13) 



5. Explain what happens when we breathe, stating (a) the muscles which 

 are used, and (b) how these cause air to enter and leave the chest? (13) 



6. What bones are concerned in forming the following joints : (i.) the 

 head on the spine, (ii.) the elbow, (iii.) the hip? State what movements can 

 be carried out in each case. (12) 



7. State the chief chemical substances by means of which each of the 

 elements, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, leave the body, and give 

 in each case the organs which are concerned with the excretion. (13) i 



8. Enumerate the different kinds of sensation. What do you consider to 

 be the fundamental distinction between the sensory and motor nerves of such 

 a structure as a limb ? (13) 



9. State in general terms and quite shortly the position, form, and function 

 of each of the following structures : (a) the clavicle, (b) the crystalline lens, 

 (c) the larynx, (d) the urinary bladder. (12) 



10. Explain by means of appropriate drawings the means by which sound- 

 waves are conveyed from the external air to the internal ear. (12) 



