240 ELEMENTARY PHYSIOLOGY 



9. Describe the situation and general form of the spinal cord. What does 

 it look like when it is cut across? How is the cord connected with the spinal 

 nerves? (13) 



IO. State the situation, general structure, and physiological purpose of the 

 retina. Explain the meaning of the "blind spot." How can its existence be 

 demonstrated in the living subject? (12) 



DAY EXAMINATION PAPER, 1905. 



1 . Describe the changes which occur in blood freshly drawn into a bowl 

 and kept for several hours. What would be the effect of stirring freshly drawn 

 blood with a bundle of twigs? (12) 



2. What is a capillary ? By what structures is the blood conveyed to and 

 from the capillaries of each of the following organs : the lungs, the liver, the 

 kidneys, and the brain ? (12) 



3. What are the peculiar features of the left side of the heart and its 

 attached vessels? In what respects does the wall of the left side differ from 

 that of the right side ? ( 12) 



4. What are the essential differences as regards their contained chemical 

 elements between' proteid, carbohydrate, and fat? Give a few familiar 

 examples of each of these groups occurring (a) in articles of food, and (b) in 

 body tissues. ( I2 ) 



5. Make a drawing to show the general relation to each other of the 

 various parts of the alimentary canal, naming the chief portions. What is the 

 general structure and function of the stomach? (13) 



6. Describe by means of appropriate drawings the situation and general 

 shape of the bones of the arm. Explain why it is possible (a) to turn the 

 hand over so that either the palm or the knuckles are uppermost, (b) to move 

 the thumb more freely than the fingers. (12) 



7. Describe the situation and general structure of the diaphragm. What 

 changes occur in its position ? How are these changes brought about, and 

 what is their purpose ? (13) 



8. Give the temperatures, as measured on the Fahrenheit thermometer 

 ordinarily used in this country, of the body, the freezing-point of water, and 

 the boiling-point of water. What do you regard as (a) the sources of the 

 body heat, and (b) the means by which heat leaves the body ? (13) 



9. Describe shortly the situation, general structure, and physiological 

 function of (a) the sclerotic, (b) the iris, (c) the crystalline lens, (it) the tympanic 

 membrane. (12) 



10. What do you understand by a " reflex movement " ? Give some 

 examples of movements occurring in your own body which cannot be produced 

 by your voluntary efforts, but can be caused reflexly. (13) 



EVENING EXAMINATION PAPER, 1906. 



1. What gives the blood its red colour? Explain the importance of the 

 colouring material. Does the colour ever change, and, if so, under what 

 circumstances ? (12) 



2. Draw a diagram representing the general distribution of the vessels 

 through which the blood circulates. Describe the general structure of the 

 finest branches of this circulatory system. (12) 



3. What chemical elements are present in albumin, gelatine, starch, fat 

 and sugar ? Give an example of the occurrence of each of these in familiar 



