EXAMINATION PAPERS 245 



EXAMINATION PAPER, 1910. 



1. How may (a) serum and (b) defibrinated blood be obtained? In what 

 respects do these fluids differ from normal blood? (12) 



2. Describe the general structure of a large blood-vessel. Where are the 

 following blood-vessels situated, and with what organs or other large blood- 

 vessels are they connected : pulmonary artery, jugular vein, renal artery, 

 portal vein? (12) 



3. Classify the foodstuffs which are present in bread. Describe the 

 changes which occur in them when bread is eaten. (12) 



4. In what forms and by what organs do the chemical elements C, N, 

 and H leave the body? What circumstances increase the excretion of the 

 element C? (12) 



5. Describe the position, general structure, and physiological function of 

 the diaphragm. By what means is this organ brought under the control of 

 the central nervous system ? (13) 



6. Describe the general structure of bone. Compare the long bones of 

 the arm and leg, illustrating your answer by appropriate drawings. (12) 



7. Give a short account of the situation, form, and functions of intestinal 

 villi. How are these connected with the vascular system ? (12) 



8. Explain the necessity for the inspiration of air containing a certain pro- 

 portion of oxygen. Describe shortly how this oxygen is distributed about the 

 body. What happens to a man if the supply of oxygen is greatly diminished ? 



(13) 



9. Enumerate the different kinds of sensations, and state in general terms 

 what peripheral organs and nerve-trunks are associated with the production 

 of such sensations. ( 1 3) 



10. Explain the terms "purposive" and "protective" as applied to the 

 reflex movements of the brainless frog. If the whole of the central nervous 

 system were destroyed, would it still be possible by any means to cause the 

 contiaction of the muscles? (13) 



EXAMINATION PAPER, 1911. 



1. Contrast the general composi'ion and characters of blood with those of 

 lymph. Where is lymph found in the body, and what is its function ? (12) 



2. Give a short account of the cavities of the mammalian heart. W hat 

 structures compose the walls of these cavities ? (12) 



3. What are the chief features of milk as regards (a) its microscopic 

 appearance, (b) the substances it contains, (c) its importance as a food ? (12) 



4. Give an account of the situation and general structure of the organs 

 which produce saliva. How could you ascertain that saliva can change a 

 weak solution of starch, and what would be the effect of heat on the produc- 

 tion of such change? (13) 



5. Make a drawing to show the general arrangement of the chief parts of 

 the alimentary canal and the connection with this of the liver and pancreas. 

 What is the main function of the pancreas? (12) 



6. Describe the means by which air is drawn into and expelled from the 

 lungs in ordinary breathing. What happens as regards the chest and air 

 passages when we cough ? (13) 



7. Give a short account of the situation, general structure, and purpose of 

 each of the following : (a) Villi ; (b) the portal vein ; (c) the urinary bladder ; 

 (</) the radius. (12) 



