GEOLOGY. 3 



formed by Colonel Strachey, chiefly at Niti, was described by Messrs. Salter and Blanford 

 in 1865 ; l whilst the Schlagintweits' collections were entrusted to Professor Oppel, and 

 descriptions and figures of them published by him. 2 Other less important notes had appeared, 

 and several imperfect descriptions of the geology ; but no thorough sections had been made, 

 and, beyond the general fact that fossils of silurian, carboniferous, triassic, liassic, and 

 Jurassic forms were represented in the various collections, very little, indeed, had been done 

 towards elucidating the geological structure of the country. 



This work was admirably carried out by Dr. Stoliczka. In the course of a single season's 

 work, in a most difficult country, amongst some of the highest mountains in the world, he 

 clearly established the sequence of formations ; and, from his extensive palseontological know- 

 ledge, was able to do this with an accuracy, which has stood the test of subsequent research. 

 He, moreover, added to the list of known formations the representatives of rhsetic and 

 cretaceous rocks not previously detected, and showed that some of the other groups might be 

 sub-divided. 



The presence of this remarkable series of marine fossiliferous beds in the North- Western 

 Himalayan region a series in which all the principal European palseozoic and mesozoic groups, 

 except the cambrian, devonian, permian, and neocomian, are represented is none the less 

 surprising, that scarcely any of the formations, except a few oolitic and cretaceous strata, are 

 found in the peninsula of India, beyond the Indus river basin. In the hills of the Panjab 

 some of the formations have been detected, but they were until recently very imperfectly 

 known. 



The following is the sequence of formations, with the fossils found in them by Dr. 

 Stoliczka : 



I. SUB-RECENT OR River and lacustrine deposits. Karewah deposits of Godwin- Austen, &c. ; 



NEAVER TERTIARY. Mammalian bones. 



II. TERTIARY ... EOCENE ... (Nummulitic) Indus or Shingo beds. Nummulites ramondi ; N. expo- 



nens. 

 III. MESOZOIC ... CBETACEOUS (9) Chikkim shales. 



(8) Chikkirn limestone. Rudistes (fragments), Nodosaria, 2 sp., Dentalina 

 (annulata?), Botalia, sp., Textilaria, 2 sp., Haplophragmium, sp., 

 Cristellaria, sp. 



UPPEB JUBASSIC (7) Gieumal sandstone. Ostrea, sp., near 0. gregaria ; another species near 



O. sowerbii; Gyphcea, sp., Avieula echinata, Mytilus mytiloideus, 

 Lima, sp., Amusium demissum, Pecten bifrons, Anatina spitiensis, 

 Stol., A. sp., nov., Op it, sp. 



MIDDLE JtTEASSlc(6) Spiti shales. Salenia ? sp., Terebratula sp., BTiynconella varians, Ostrea, 



sp., Pecten lens, Amusium (conf. Pecten stolidus), Aucella blanfordi- 

 ana, Stol., A. leguminosa, Stol., Lima, sp., near L. rigida, Inoeeramus 

 hookeri, Macrodon egertonianum, Stol., Nucula, sp., Nucula cunei- 

 formis, Cyprina trigonalis, Trigonia costata, Astarte unilateral^, A. 

 major, A. spitiensis, Stol., A. hiemalis, Stol., Homomya tibetica, 

 Pleurotomaria, 2 sp., Ammonites acucinctus, A. strigilis, A. macro- 

 cephalus, 3 A. octagonus, A, liypliasis, A. parkinsoni, A. theodorii, A. 

 sabineanus, A. spitiensis, A. curvicosta, A. braikenridgii, A. nivalis, 

 Stol., A. liparus,A. triplicates, A. biplex,A. alatus, Anisoceras gerar- 

 dianum, Belemnites canaliculatus, . clavatus. 

 (5) Clayey slates. Belemnites, sp., Posidonomya ornata. 



' Palaeontology of Niti, printed for private circulation, Calcutta. 

 ' Pala?ontologische Mittheilungen, 1863, p. 267 ; 1865, p. 289. 



3 According to Dr. Waagen, Palseontologia Indica, Ser. IX, 3, p. 237, foot-note, this and several other species are not identical 

 with the European fossil forms to which they were referred by Dr. Stoliczka. 



