GEOLOGY. 



9 



PART I. 



NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY FROM MARI (MTJRREE) IN THE PUNJAB TO LEH IN LADAK. 



[THE following notes, it should be remembered, commence in the Panjab, at Mari 

 (Murree), the sanatarium lying a short distance north of Eawal Pindi. A " rough section 

 showing the relation of the rocks near Mari," by Dr. Waagen, was published in the Records 

 of the Geological Survey of India. 1 He showed that Mari is built on red slates and 

 sandstones, newer than the nummulitics, but unfossilif erous, and that these beds are succeeded 

 (the formations are too much crushed and contorted for anything like order in descent 

 to be made out) by nummulitic limestone, Jurassic and triassic beds ; the Jurassic beds being 

 identified with the " Spiti shales." Dr. Waagen gave a section round Chamba Peak, from 

 Kairagali to Changligali. Dr. Stoliczka describes that seen on the road round the other side 

 of the mountain. 



An account of the geology of the neighbourhood of Mari hill station in the Panjab has 

 also been given by Mr. A. B. Wynne, 2 of the Geological Survey of India, accompanied by a 

 map and section. In this paper many additional details of the geology are given, and the 

 same section is described which is here extracted from Dr. Stoliczka's note-book. Dr. 

 Stoliczka's notes were made before Mr. Wynne's paper was published, although the latter 

 had been written long before. Within the last two years the systematic geological survey 

 of Kashmir has at length been commenced, and a large amount of information as to the 

 distribution and relations of the different beds has been added by Mr. Lydekker. 3 In 

 a few cases, as at the Zoji-la, slight changes have been shown to be necessary in the views 

 formed by Dr. Stoliczka on his hurried journeys, but as a general rule his opinions have 

 proved correct.] 



July 3rd to 6th. The Mari hill consists of sandstone and shales, the former full of 

 fucoids, but I could not find a trace of other fossils. 4 The geological section from Mari 



Kairagali, 



Mart beds. Nummulitic Red Limestones, Reddish Limestones. Shales. Limestones. Limestone 

 limestones, shales. shales. and 



sJiale, 



Limestones. Shales. 



Nummulitic. 



Section from Mari to Kairagali, distance S miles. 



to Kairagali is rather simple, but thence along the road to Changligali it is rather compli- 

 cated, and on the whole similar to that made by Waagen on the corresponding road passing 



1 Vol. V, 1872, p. 15. 



2 Records, Geological Survey of India, Vol. VII, p. 64. 



3 Rec. G. S. I., IX, p. 155 ; XI, p. 30. 



4 The Murree Beds of Mr. Wynne, see Quarterly Journal, Geological Society, 1874, p. 71, &c., and Rec. G. S. I., Vol. VII, p. 66. 



