GEOLOGY. 11 



at the last corner, before the road turns towards Dangagali, there is a repeated alternation 

 of Gieumal, Spiti, and triassic beds. In the sandy beds of the Spiti shales I found a fragment 

 of an Ammonite ; and in the Gieumal sandstone, which occupies the whole corner, I got 

 an Astarte, which is apparently the same as that I got at Lunari in the lower Umia beds, 1 

 and a Trigonia, but this is difficult to make out. The saddle on which Dangagali lies is 

 again nummulitic shales. 



[The most interesting point in the preceding sections is the identification of the Gieumal 

 sandstone (upper Jurassic). Dr. Waagen had previously recognised the Spiti shales, and had 

 suggested that the sandstone represented the upper Jurassic beds of Spiti 2 a suggestion 

 which Dr. Stoliczka confirmed. The red Mari beds are called Nahan (newer tertiary) by 

 Dr. Stoliczka in his notes ; but Mr. H. B. Medlicott, who is by far the best authority 

 on the subject, considers that this is due to a mistake in the identification of the Nahan 

 beds themselves near Simla, as proved by some notes in Dr. Stoliczka's diary, and that 

 the rocks with which Dr. Stoliczka really identified the Mari beds belong to Mr. Medlicott's 

 Dagshai division (older tertiary). Under these circumstances, I have ventured in the notes 

 to substitute Mr. Wynne's name "Mari beds " for "Nahan," leaving the question of identifi- 

 cation undecided.] 



July 15th, Mari to Kohdla. Mari sandstone and shale are seen all the way dipping in 

 various directions : near the Jhelum the dip is about north or north by east. The older rocks 

 are seen on the left bank of the river, at the base of the Dangagali hill. The boundary 

 between nummulitic and Mari beds runs along the stream coming from Kaldana : on the 

 right bank are Mari sandstones and shales, dipping at about 40 or 50 towards north-east or 

 east. 



16th, Chatarkelas. All the way I saw nothing but the same Mari sandstone and shale, 

 mostly dipping to north-east or north-east by east. 



17th to 23rd, Chatarkelas to Uri. The Mari beds prevailed throughout the whole 

 distance, and no others were seen on the left bank of the Jhelum, along which river the road lay 

 for a great part of the distance. On the opposite bank dark shales, either Spiti or Sabathu, 

 were noticed between Raru and Tinali, and limestones opposite Uri. From Tinali to Hatian 

 the general dip of the Mari beds is south-east : near Uri they are much contorted. 



24th, TJrambu. Uri is on a high river plateau. After crossing a stream, very red 

 shales are seen, and blocks of limestone, looking exactly like Krol limestone, which it 

 probably is. I am not sure whether the shales are nummulitic : more probably they belong 

 to the Krol series. Further on are chloritic and quartzose schists, which continue to 

 Urumbu. The Urumbu bungalow is built at the foot of some very fine cliffs of a meta- 

 morphic quartz and schist. 3 



25th, Baramula. The same metamorphic quartzose rock, with bacillary structure, 

 continues a long way until the road opens into a portion of the old lake : this portion is 

 separated by a ridge from 200 to 300 feet (high ?) of lake clay and gravel deposit. The same - 

 form the low hills to the south for several miles. The lake must formerly have been much 

 larger and wider than it now is, its water extending far up the Sind valley. 



July 26th to August 6th. Baramula to Srinagar and thence to Gandarbal. [No 

 description is given in the diary of the rocks about Srinagar, although reference is made to 



' Of Cutch. 



2 Records, Geological Survey of India, V, p. 15. 



3 Lydekker, Kec. G. S. L, IX, p. 158, describes this section more fully. The limestone (Kiol) appears to be identical with Krol, 

 as Dr. Stoliczka suggested. See also Kec., G. S. I., XI, p. 62. 



