GEOLOGY. 



Afterwards I went south of the camp, where on our road westward l I got a section like 

 that of a Megalodon. The limestone is mostly dolomitic, white or light grey, and less 

 bituminous than (e). I got crinoid stems in it, and a small Pecten ; I could not say whether 

 lower trias or carboniferous. 



May 6th, Kanshubar (same camp as on April 2nd). Two and a half miles from Aktdsh, 

 at a spot where the stream from the Nezatash pass is joined by another flowing from 

 the south-east, there is a mass of greenstone in the shales, and east of that mass the shales 

 are very much altered, evidently indicating that the outburst of the greenstone must have 

 taken place after the deposition of the triassic shales. Looking north, the shales continue 

 for about a couple of miles, composing the hills, which rise to about 3,000 feet above the valley. 

 To the north-west is a great mass of greenstone again, while a sharp ridge of limestone runs 

 through the shales, coming from the west, and disappearing and broken up towards the east. 

 Further on, the shales are seen to be overlain by reddish sandstones and shales, towards the top 

 much alternating with greenish-grey beds ; and this series is again capped by a light-brownish 

 rock of inconsiderable thickness. These last rocks and the limestones dip north by east, but 

 the crumbling shales are very much contorted, mostly by the greenstone. 



The section from Aktash to the north is something like this : 



Jktash. 



i. Gravel. 



a. Reddish and greenish sandstones, &c. 



3. Shales (2) Triassic. 



3a. Limestone (t). Triassic. 



4. Carboniferous limestones 



5. Greenstone. 



(0 and y). 



Sketch section of the rocks north of Aktash. 



Proceeding towards the Nezatash pass, I found in the limestone (5) dark beds full of 

 HaloUa Lomelli ?, and I also noticed the Rhynchonella limestone, which is very earthy and 

 brown, in situ in the shales. In the limestone (*) Rhynchonella are very rare, or, at least, very 

 difficult to observe. The limestone (s) is, however, always very much less bituminous than 

 (y), and usually darker, and weathers out in flakes, which peel off the surface, while (y) is 

 usually massive. Limestone (*) forms the Nezatash pass in a ridge crossing the pass, but 

 the passage itself is in shales, which are also seen in a kind of basin east of the pass, the 

 basin being quite encircled by very high cliffs of limestone ( s ~). Crossing into the stream, 

 which comes from the south, and combines with that flowing eastward from the pass, I 

 observed a number of pelecypod sections in the limestone, which appear to belong to Megalo- 

 don. They were rather large, but otherwise not distinguishable. 



Further on, the shales were several times crossed by greenstone, and then followed the 

 bedded grey rock. The carboniferous limestone ridge runs from Aktash almost due eastward, 

 and about 5 miles before reaching Kanshubar it turns gradually to south-east, still retaining 

 its great height. 



[From Kanshubar the return route to Yarkand via Ighiz Yar was over ground previously 

 traversed, and the geological notes have already been incorporated with those of the journey 

 westward.] 



1 See notes for April 3rd, p. 38. 



I 



