44 



SECOND YARKAND MISSION. 



more or less massive : under it lies a brownish sub-metamorphic schist, which is also found on 

 the other side of the Yarkand river at the camp. 



June 10th, Kirghiz Jangal, 16 miles. The suh-metamorphic schists near Kulunaldi are 

 overlain by a reddish, very coarse conglomerate, and from beneath this, further along the road, 

 a series of grey and pink metamorphic schists crops out, occasionally with graphitic layers 

 interstratified. The last continue up to camp. The beds dip first to west 30 north, and 

 afterwards almost west. The coarse, reddish conglomerates are the same which I saw in 

 going from the Pamir-kul to the camp Langar, in Wakhan. 



June llth, Kashmir Jilga, about 24\ miles. The rocks are all grey silky, or brownish mica 

 schist. For the first 14 miles it is difficult to see any stratification, the schists having 

 distinct bacillary cleavage ; but further on, the schists dip to the north-east on the right 

 bank, and for the last 6 or 7 miles the valley runs along an anticlinal, the beds dipping 

 on the right bank to north by east, and on the left bank to south by west, at an angle of 

 about 50. The schists decompose easily, and cover the slopes with fine debris. Almost 

 all along the bank of the river there are extensive deposits of detritus, some of them con- 

 taining beds of clay and sand, left by the river. At the openings of the lateral ravines there 

 are extensive fans of debris, some of them more than 100 feet thick. 



June 12th, Kufelang, 11 miles. Rocks the same all \ the way ; greenish metamorphic 

 schists, often alternating with graphitic layers. The schists decompose and break up very 

 readily, and the hill-sides, in some cases up to the top, are covered with debris, loose or 

 cemented together. The dip is very variable, usually at a high angle to south-west or south. 



June 13th, Aktdgh, about 20 miles. [Here the road joins that followed on the journey 

 northward, but it immediately diverges again.] 



1, Argillaceous beds (? tertiary) ; 2, Shaly snb-metamorphic beds (trias); 3, Grey limestones (trias); 4, Red limestones, with Ammonites 

 tatteni, &c. (trias); 5, ? Trias ; 6, Dark triassio limestone; 7, Limestone (? carboniferous) ; 8, Grey limestones (? carboniferous) ; 9, Red 

 calcareous sandstone; 10, Sub-metamorpbio schists. 



Section near Aktdgh. 



The schists, greenish and metamorphic in general, but blackish and sub-metamorphic in 

 parts, continue for about a couple of miles along the river ; they are mostly almost vertical. 

 Then some of the beds incline to the south, and are more regularly bedded ; but there does not 

 seem to be any distinct break between these latter and the vertical beds. After the second 

 mile the greenish silky schists are overlain unconformably by reddish earthy and calcareous 

 sandstones of about 150 feet in thickness, dipping regularly to south by east at an angle of 

 about 30. These reddish beds pass into distinctly bedded grey limestone and whitish marl 

 of some 500 feet at least, the dip being to the south, but the angle gradually decreasing 

 until the beds, after some 8 miles, become almost horizontal. Further on, they again dip to 

 the southward, and the top beds have a reddish colour. There are greenstones in these 

 rocks, like those which I saw about Aktash on the Pamir ; and the limestones must be carboni- 

 ferous or triassic, but I could not find a trace of a fossil. The higher beds are often brownish 

 and sandy ; some beds almost a calcareous sandstone, alternating with conglomeratic beds. 



Near Aktagh the series is overlain by much more recent looking earthy and conglom- 

 eratic beds, readily yielding to decomposition. The hill Aktdgh at camp consists of these 

 (? tertiary) beds, dipping at about 45 or 50 to the south. 



