50 Germany. 



permitted to be cut, was also frequently urged. 

 Regulation of forest use did not confine itself to the 

 princely properties alone, but, in the interest of the 

 whole, the restrictions were extended to all owners. 

 These restrictions were directed either to the practice 

 in the exploitation of the forest or in the use of the 

 material. In the latter direction the attempts at re- 

 ducing the consumption of building timber are of 

 special interest. Building inspectors were to approve 

 building plans and inspect buildings to see that they 

 were most economically constructed; that repairs 

 were made promptly, to avoid the necessity of more 

 extensive ones; that new buildings replacing old ones 

 were not built higher than the old ones. In Saxony, 

 as early as 1560, it was ordered that the whole house 

 must be built of stone, while elsewhere, the building 

 of stone base walls and the use of brick roofs instead 

 of shingles was insisted upon. 



Even the number of houses in any community was 

 restricted. Fences were to be supplanted by hedges 

 and ditches. Economies in charcoal burning, in 

 potash manufacture for glass works, and in the 

 turpentine industry were prescribed, and about 1600, 

 the burning of potash for fertilizer was forbidden 

 entirely; but these laws proved unavailing. Even in 

 fuel-wood a saving was to be effected by using only 

 the poorer woods and windfalls, by instituting public 

 bake ovens (still in use in Westphalia), by improv- 

 ing stoves, restricting the number of bathing 

 rooms, etc. 



The consumption of fuelwood seems to have been 

 enormous, for we find record of 200 cords used by 



